Exposure Contrasts of Pregnant Women during the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Randomized Controlled Trial.
Environ Health Perspect
; 130(9): 97005, 2022 09.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36112539
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Exposure to PM2.5 arising from solid fuel combustion is estimated to result in â¼2.3 million premature deaths and 91 million lost disability-adjusted life years annually. Interventions attempting to mitigate this burden have had limited success in reducing exposures to levels thought to provide substantive health benefits.OBJECTIVES:
This paper reports exposure reductions achieved by a liquified petroleum gas (LPG) stove and fuel intervention for pregnant mothers in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) randomized controlled trial.METHODS:
The HAPIN trial included 3,195 households primarily using biomass for cooking in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. Twenty-four-hour exposures to PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO), and black carbon (BC) were measured for pregnant women once before randomization into control (n=1,605) and LPG (n=1,590) arms and twice thereafter (aligned with trimester). Changes in exposure were estimated by directly comparing exposures between intervention and control arms and by using linear mixed-effect models to estimate the impact of the intervention on exposure levels.RESULTS:
Median postrandomization exposures of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5µm (PM2.5) in the intervention arm were lower by 66% at the first (71.5 vs. 24.1 µg/m3), and second follow-up visits (69.5 vs. 23.7 µg/m3) compared to controls. BC exposures were lower in the intervention arm by 72% (9.7 vs. 2.7 µg/m3) and 70% (9.6 vs. 2.8 µg/m3) at the first and second follow-up visits, respectively, and carbon monoxide exposure was 82% lower at both visits (1.1 vs. 0.2 ppm) in comparison with controls. Exposure reductions were consistent over time and were similar across research locations.DISCUSSION:
Postintervention PM2.5 exposures in the intervention arm were at the lower end of what has been reported for LPG and other clean fuel interventions, with 69% of PM2.5 samples falling below the World Health Organization Annual Interim Target 1 of 35 µg/m3. This study indicates that an LPG intervention can reduce PM2.5 exposures to levels at or below WHO targets. https//doi.org/10.1289/EHP10295.
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Petróleo
/
Poluição do Ar
Tipo de estudo:
Clinical_trials
Limite:
Female
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Humans
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Pregnancy
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article