Prevalence of anemia in pre-school tribal children with reference to parasitic infections and nutritional impact.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Anemia is a global health problem and has very high prevalence in developing as well as developed countries, particularly in children and women. The present study evaluates hematological predictors, nutrition deficiency, parasitic infections and their association with the prevalence of anemia. This analysis will help to identify the anemic status of tribal preschool children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 300 children (age 6 months to 5 years) in Santrampur village, Gujarat. Blood was collected and used to determine complete blood count (CBC); we also performed ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay) for the estimation of ferritin, transferrin, sTfR (soluble transferrin receptor), vitamin B12 and vitamin B9 (folate). Stool samples were also collected and assessed by ELISA for Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum. Microscopy was used to screen samples for malaria. Results: Of the 300 children analyzed, 87.7% were anemic, 239 children were mildly anemic, 20 were moderately anemic and 4 were severely anemic. Mean Hb level was 9.49 ± 1.47 g/dL; males and females had an Hb level of 9.39 ± 1.59 g/dL and 9.58 ± 1.34 g/dL, respectively. Twenty-six children had sickle cell anemia and five had thalassemia. Over 50% of the children had vitamin B12 and B9 deficiency and 16% had abnormalities in CRP (C-reactive protein) levels. Parasitic infection by C. parvum was positively associated the anemia followed by the prevalence of G. lamblia and E. histolytica. Conclusion: An increased awareness of parents in the improvement of sanitary facilities and nutritional counselling with regards to iron-rich food consumption is recommended to if we are to prevent anemia among pre-school children. To reduce parasitic infestation, effective periodic deworming measures are also recommended.