Sex Hormone-regulated CMG2 Is Involved in Breast and Prostate Cancer Progression.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: Capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) is involved in prostate and breast cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate sex hormone receptor-mediated regulation of CMG2 in breast and prostate cancer, and its implication in disease progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of CMG2, oestrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) was determined in breast and prostate cancer cell lines, respectively, using real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) and western blot. Association between CMG2 and sex hormone receptors was analysed in a number of transcriptome datasets. Immunochemical staining was performed in tissue microarrays of breast cancer (BR1505D) and prostate cancer (PR8011A). CMG2 expression was determined in 17ß-oestradiol treated breast cancer cells and AR over-expressing prostate cancer cells. RESULTS: CMG2 was found to be inversely correlated with sex hormone receptors in breast and prostate cancer. Lower expression of CMG2 was associated with a poor prognosis in ER (+) breast cancer but not ER (-) tumours. Both ER (+) breast cancer cell lines and AR (+) prostate cancer cell lines presented lower expression of CMG2, which was increased following sex hormone deprivation. Exposure to 17-ß-oestradiol and AR over-expression repressed CMG2 expression in breast cancer and prostate cancer cell lines, respectively. CONCLUSION: CMG2 is inversely correlated with ER and AR status in breast and prostate cancer, respectively. ER and AR mediate repression of CMG2 expression in corresponding cancerous cells.