Using a Knowledge-Based Clinical Decision Support System to Reduce the Time to Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With Bloodstream Infections: A Single-Center Observational Study.

Background: Inappropriate antimicrobial use is a crucial determinant of mortality in hospitalized patients with bloodstream infections. Current literature reporting on the impact of clinical decision support systems on optimizing antimicrobial prescription and reducing the time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy is limited. Methods: Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital implemented a hospital-wide, knowledge-based, active-delivery clinical decision support system, named RAPID (Real-time Alert for antimicrobial Prescription from virtual Infectious Diseases experts), to detect whether there was an antimicrobial agent-pathogen mismatch when a blood culture result was positive. Once RAPID determines the current antimicrobials as inappropriate, an alert text message is immediately sent to the clinicians in charge. This study evaluated how RAPID impacted the time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy among patients with bloodstream infections. Results: During the study period, 633 of 11 297 recorded observations (5.6%) were determined as inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions. The time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy was significantly shortened after the implementation of RAPID (1.65 vs 2.45 hours, P < .001), especially outside working hours (1.24 vs 6.43 hours, P < .001), in the medical wards (1.40 vs 2.14 hours, P < .001), in participants with candidemia (0.74 vs 5.36 hours, P < .001), and for bacteremia due to non-multidrug-resistant organisms (1.66 vs 2.49 hours, P < .001). Conclusions: Using a knowledge-based clinical decision support system to reduce the time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy in a real-world scenario is feasible and effective. Our results support the continued use of RAPID.