Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myositis: from pathophysiology to treatment.

With rapid advances in immuno-oncology, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used for a broad array of malignancies. This has led to a novel spectrum of adverse effects including ICI-related myositis, a potentially life-threatening neuromuscular complication that must be diagnosed and treated promptly. Significant gaps exist in the current understanding of ICI-related myositis due to the rarity of the condition and the lack of evidence-based guidelines, prompting the need to synthesize the most relevant and recent published works in the field. This review provides a broad overview of ICI-related myositis with an emphasis on pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical features, workup, management and future directions.