Generic CD-MUSIC-eSGC model parameters to predict the surface reactivity of iron (hydr)oxides.

The surface reactivity of iron (hydr)oxides plays a crucial role in controlling their interfacial reactions, for which various surface complexation models have been developed. The diversity of mineralogical properties of iron (hydr)oxides has resulted in a redundancy of model parameters, which hampers the modeling of iron (hydr)oxides in soils and sediments, where goethite, hematite and ferrihydrite dominate the iron (hydr)oxide mass fraction. To capture their combined surface reactivity, optimized generic protonation parameters of the Charge Distribution-Multisite Complexation (CD-MUSIC) extended-Stern-Gouy-Chapman (eSGC) model were derived by reanalyzing literature datasets and tested with some newly synthesized iron (hydr)oxides. It was observed that the proton and monovalent ion affinity constants of the different iron (hydr)oxides were located in a narrow range. For the singly- and triply-coordinated hydroxyl sites the obtained generic log(affinity constants) were 8.3 and 11.7 for the protonation reaction and -0.5 for the reaction with the monovalent background ions. Their combination with fixed site densities of singly-/triply-coordinated hydroxyl sites of 3.45/2.70, 5.00/2.50, and 5.80/1.40 sites/nm2 for goethite, hematite, and ferrihydrite, respectively, provided good results. The Stern layer capacitances of the inner and outer Stern layers were set equal and could be acquired by an empirical correlation with the sample specific surface area (SSA). The CD-MUSIC-eSGC model with the generic model parameters enables good quality predictions of the proton reactivity of iron (hydr)oxides in 1:1 electrolyte solutions regardless of the sample heterogeneity. The advantages of the generic CD-MUSIC-eSGC model are twofold: (1) protonation of iron (hydr)oxides can be described without making use of spectroscopic measurements and proton titrations, and (2) the model calculations are greatly simplified.