Mixture toxicity of pyraclostrobine and metiram to the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and its potential mechanism.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
; 30(15): 44400-44414, 2023 Mar.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36692725
ABSTRACT
The interplay between pesticides plays a critical role in ecotoxicology since these chemicals rarely emerge as single substances but rather in mixtures with other chemicals. In the present work, we purposed to clarify the combined toxic impacts of pyraclostrobine (PYR) and metiram (MET) on the zebrafish by using numerous indicators. Results exhibited that the 4-day LC50 value of MET to fish embryos was 0.0025 mg a.i. L-1, which was lower compared with PYR (0.019 mg a.i. L-1). Combinations of PYR and MET presented a synergetic impact on fish embryos. Contents of POD, CYP450, and VTG were drastically increased in the plurality of the single and joint treatments relative to the baseline value. Three genes, including vtg1, crh, and il-8, related to the endocrine and immune systems, were also surprisingly up-regulated when fish were challenged by the individual and mixture pesticides compared with the baseline value. These results afforded valuable information on the latent toxicity mechanisms of co-exposure for PYR and MET in the early growth stage of fish. Moreover, our data also revealed that frequent application of these two pesticides might exert a potentially ecotoxicological hazard on aquatic ecosystems. Collectively, the present study provided valuable guidance for the risk evaluation of chemical combinations.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Praguicidas
/
Poluentes Químicos da Água
Tipo de estudo:
Guideline
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article