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Geochemical ice-core constraints on the timing and climatic impact of Aniakchak II (1628 BCE) and Thera (Minoan) volcanic eruptions.
Pearson, Charlotte; Sigl, Michael; Burke, Andrea; Davies, Siwan; Kurbatov, Andrei; Severi, Mirko; Cole-Dai, Jihong; Innes, Helen; Albert, Paul G; Helmick, Meredith.
Afiliação
  • Pearson C; Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, 1215 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
  • Sigl M; Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E. 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
  • Burke A; Anthropology, University of Arizona, 1009 E. South Campus, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
  • Davies S; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 4, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
  • Kurbatov A; Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
  • Severi M; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, Queen's Terrace, KY16 9TS, Scotland, UK.
  • Cole-Dai J; Department of Geography, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Cymru, UK.
  • Innes H; Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5790, USA.
  • Albert PG; School of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, 81 Main St., Orono, ME 04469-5790, USA.
  • Helmick M; Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
PNAS Nexus ; 1(2): pgac048, 2022 May.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36713327
Decades of research have focused on establishing the exact year and climatic impact of the Minoan eruption of Thera, Greece (c.1680 to 1500 BCE). Ice cores offer key evidence to resolve this controversy, but attempts have been hampered by a lack of multivolcanic event synchronization between records. In this study, Antarctic and Greenland ice-core records are synchronized using a double bipolar sulfate marker, and calendar dates are assigned to each eruption revealed within the 'Thera period'. From this global-scale sequence of volcanic sulfate loading, we derive indications toward each eruption's latitude and potential to disrupt the climate system. Ultrafine sampling for sulfur isotopes and tephra conclusively demonstrate a colossal eruption of Alaska's Aniakchak II as the source of stratospheric sulfate in the now precisely dated 1628 BCE ice layer. These findings end decades of speculation that Thera was responsible for the 1628 BCE event, and place Aniakchak II (52 ± 17 Tg S) and an unknown volcano at 1654 BCE (50 ± 13 Tg S) as two of the largest Northern Hemisphere sulfur injections in the last 4,000 years. This opens possibilities to explore widespread climatic impacts for contemporary societies and, in pinpointing Aniakchak II, confirms that stratospheric sulfate can be globally distributed from eruptions outside the tropics. Dating options for Thera are reduced to a series of precisely dated, constrained stratospheric sulfur injection events at 1611 BCE, 1561/1558/1555BCE, and c.1538 BCE, which are all below 14 ± 5 Tg S, indicating a climatic forcing potential for Thera well below that of Tambora (1815 CE).
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Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2022 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2022 Tipo de documento: Article