Emicizumab prophylaxis in haemophilia A with inhibitors: Three years follow-up from the UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors' Organisation (UKHCDO).

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The UK National Haemophilia Database (NHD) collects data from all UK persons with haemophilia A with inhibitors (PwHA-I). It is well-placed to investigate patient selection, clinical outcomes, drug safety and other issues not addressed in clinical trials of emicizumab. AIMS: To determine safety, bleeding outcomes and early effects on joint health of emicizumab prophylaxis in a large, unselected cohort using national registry and patient reported Haemtrack (HT) data between 01 January 2018 and 30 September 2021. METHODS: Prospectively collected bleeding outcomes were analysed in people with ≥6 months emicizumab HT data and compared with previous treatment if available. Change in paired Haemophilia Joint Health Scores (HJHS) were analysed in a subgroup. Adverse events (AEs) reports were collected and adjudicated centrally. RESULTS: This analysis includes 117 PwHA-I. Mean annualised bleeding rate (ABR) was .32 (95% CI, .18; .39) over a median 42 months treatment with emicizumab. Within-person comparison (n = 74) demonstrated an 89% reduction in ABR after switching to emicizumab and an increase in zero treated bleed rate from 45 to 88% (p < .01). In a subgroup of 37 people, total HJHS improved in 36%, remained stable in 46% and deteriorated in 18%, with a median (IQR) within-person change of -2.0 (-9, 1.5) (p = .04). Three arterial thrombotic events were reported, two possibly drug related. Other AEs were generally non-severe and usually limited to early treatment, included cutaneous reactions (3.6%), headaches (1.4%), nausea (2.8%) and arthralgia (1.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Emicizumab prophylaxis is associated with sustained low bleeding rates and was generally well-tolerated in people with haemophilia A and inhibitors.