Brain volume, energy balance, and cardiovascular health in two nonindustrial South American populations.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
; 120(13): e2205448120, 2023 03 28.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36940322
ABSTRACT
Little is known about brain aging or dementia in nonindustrialized environments that are similar to how humans lived throughout evolutionary history. This paper examines brain volume (BV) in middle and old age among two indigenous South American populations, the Tsimane and Moseten, whose lifestyles and environments diverge from those in high-income nations. With a sample of 1,165 individuals aged 40 to 94, we analyze population differences in cross-sectional rates of decline in BV with age. We also assess the relationships of BV with energy biomarkers and arterial disease and compare them against findings in industrialized contexts. The analyses test three hypotheses derived from an evolutionary model of brain health, which we call the embarrassment of riches (EOR). The model hypothesizes that food energy was positively associated with late life BV in the physically active, food-limited past, but excess body mass and adiposity are now associated with reduced BV in industrialized societies in middle and older ages. We find that the relationship of BV with both non-HDL cholesterol and body mass index is curvilinear, positive from the lowest values to 1.4 to 1.6 SDs above the mean, and negative from that value to the highest values. The more acculturated Moseten exhibit a steeper decrease in BV with age than Tsimane, but still shallower than US and European populations. Lastly, aortic arteriosclerosis is associated with lower BV. Complemented by findings from the United States and Europe, our results are consistent with the EOR model, with implications for interventions to improve brain health.
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Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Envelhecimento
/
Sistema Cardiovascular
Tipo de estudo:
Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
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Prognostic_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Humans
País como assunto:
America do norte
/
America do sul
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article