Low prevalence of anti-Orthopoxvirus neutralizing antibodies in an urban population of Brazil.
J Med Virol
; 95(6): e28859, 2023 06.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37314232
ABSTRACT
Since 1999, Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been described as a causative agent of bovine vaccinia (BV), a zoonotic disease that occurs mainly in rural areas of Brazil. However, the circulation of VACV in urban environments and its associated burden has been poorly explored. Moreover, the current monkeypox (mpox) outbreak has raised questions regarding the immune status of the worldwide population previous vaccinated against smallpox. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional study to better understand the prevalence of anti-OPV neutralizing antibodies (NA) and related exposure factors in a susceptible urban population of Brazil. A total of 372 individuals were sampled, yielding an overall seroprevalence of 16.9% (CI95% = 13.4-21.1), and antibodies titers ranging from 100 to 800 neutralizing units/mL. The prevalence of NA among individuals potentially vaccinated against smallpox (≥36 years old [yo]) was 24.9% (IC 95% = 19.5-31.2), and among those unvaccinated (<36yo) was 6.7% (IC 95% = 3.7-11.8). Interestingly, contact with horses was pointed out as an exposure factor for the presence of NA, however, the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≥36yo and the presence of vaccine take were independently associated with the presence of anti-OPV NA. Our findings suggest that vulnerable populations could be subclinically exposed to VACV in urban areas, drawing attention to alternative routes of zoonotic VACV exposure. Our data is also important for better strategies to mitigate zoonotic OPV infections mainly among vulnerable populations.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Varíola
/
Doenças Transmissíveis
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Orthopoxvirus
Tipo de estudo:
Observational_studies
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Prevalence_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
País como assunto:
America do sul
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Brasil
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article