Impact of perioperative airway pathogens on living-donor lobar lung transplantation outcomes.

PURPOSE: To elucidate the clinical impact of pathogenic organism (PO) positivity early after transplantation, we evaluated the impact of perioperative airway POs on outcomes after living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT), where the graft airway is supposed to be sterile from a healthy donor. METHOD: A retrospective review of 67 adult LDLLT procedures involving 132 living donors was performed. Presence of POs in the recipients' airways was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively in intensive-care units. RESULTS: POs were detected preoperatively in 13 (19.4%) recipients. No POs were isolated from the donor airways at transplantation. POs were detected in 39 (58.2%) recipients postoperatively; most were different from the POs isolated preoperatively. Postoperative PO isolation was not associated with short-term outcomes other than prolonged postoperative ventilation. The 5-year overall survival was significantly better in the PO-negative group than in the PO-positive group (89.1% vs. 63.7%, P = 0.014). In the multivariate analysis, advanced age (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.041 per 1-year increase, P = 0.033) and posttransplant PO positivity in the airway (HR: 3.684, P = 0.019) significantly affected the survival. CONCLUSIONS: The airways of the living-donor grafts were microbiologically sterile. PO positivity in the airway early after transplantation negatively impacted long-term outcomes.