Consumption of Bivalve Shellfish in French Coastal Populations: Data for Acute and Chronic Exposure Assessment.

ABSTRACT

Shellfish are a source of nutrients but are also a matter of concern in terms of food safety due to natural contaminants such as phycotoxins or anthropogenic contaminants including microbial agents and heavy metals. However, data related to consumption for each mollusk species are scarce and missing for appropriate exposure calculation. The objective of the study was to generate shellfish consumption data in the adult coastal population in France to assess exposure to health risks, the effects of determinants on the frequency of consumption and usual intake, and shellfish food risk perception. Our study, named the CONSOMER study, was carried out using an online survey in 2016 and 2017 and included a food frequency questionnaire. After validation, 2,479 individual questionnaires were available for statistical analysis. Our findings provide estimates of shellfish consumption frequency, portion sizes, weekly intake in g/week, and g/week/body weight that can be used for acute and chronic exposure calculations. For the acute risk, the 97.5th percentile of the portion size was found to be around 290 g for the adult coastal population. For chronic exposure, recreational shellfish harvesting activities were associated with higher weekly intakes. A non-negligible part of this subpopulation is not aware of food safety recommendations concerning harvesting areas. Results for shellfish harvester consumption in particular are consistent with other available data. Exposure calculations and safety recommendations should target shellfish harvesters.