Elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety among family members and friends of critically ill COVID-19 patients - an observational study of five cohorts across four countries.

Lovik, Anikó; González-Hijón, Juan; Hoffart, Asle; Fawns-Ritchie, Chloe; Magnúsdóttir, Ingibjörg; Lu, Li; Unnarsdóttir, Anna Bára; Kähler, Anna K; Campbell, Archie; Hauksdóttir, Arna; Chourpiliadis, Charilaos; McCartney, Daniel L; Thordardóttir, Edda Björk; Joyce, Emily E; Frans, Emma M; Jakobsdóttir, Jóhanna; Trogstad, Lill; Andreassen, Ole A; Magnus, Per; Johnson, Sverre Urnes; Sullivan, Patrick F; Aspelund, Thor; Porteous, David J; Ask, Helga; Ebrahimi, Omid V; Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur Anna; Fang, Fang

Lovik, Anikó; González-Hijón, Juan; Hoffart, Asle; Fawns-Ritchie, Chloe; Magnúsdóttir, Ingibjörg; Lu, Li; Unnarsdóttir, Anna Bára; Kähler, Anna K; Campbell, Archie; Hauksdóttir, Arna; Chourpiliadis, Charilaos; McCartney, Daniel L; Thordardóttir, Edda Björk; Joyce, Emily E; Frans, Emma M; Jakobsdóttir, Jóhanna; Trogstad, Lill; Andreassen, Ole A; Magnus, Per; Johnson, Sverre Urnes; Sullivan, Patrick F; Aspelund, Thor; Porteous, David J; Ask, Helga; Ebrahimi, Omid V; Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur Anna; Fang, Fang.

Afiliação

Lovik A; Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
González-Hijón J; Methodology and Statistics Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Hoffart A; Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Fawns-Ritchie C; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Magnúsdóttir I; Research Institute, Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway.
Lu L; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Unnarsdóttir AB; Division of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.
Kähler AK; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Campbell A; Health Management and Policy Institute, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Hauksdóttir A; NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Chourpiliadis C; Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
McCartney DL; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Thordardóttir EB; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Joyce EE; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Frans EM; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Jakobsdóttir J; Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Trogstad L; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Andreassen OA; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Magnus P; Mental Health Services, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Johnson SU; Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sullivan PF; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Aspelund T; Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Porteous DJ; Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Ask H; NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Ebrahimi OV; NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Valdimarsdóttir UA; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Fang F; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Lancet Reg Health Eur ; 33: 100733, 2023 Oct.

Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37953992

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Background:

Little is known regarding the mental health impact of having a significant person (family member and/or close friend) with COVID-19 of different severity.

Methods:

The study included five prospective cohorts from four countries (Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the UK) with self-reported data on COVID-19 and symptoms of depression and anxiety during March 2020-March 2022. We calculated prevalence ratios (PR) of depression and anxiety in relation to having a significant person with COVID-19 and performed a longitudinal analysis in the Swedish cohort to describe temporal patterns.

Findings:

162,237 and 168,783 individuals were included in the analysis of depression and anxiety, respectively, of whom 24,718 and 27,003 reported a significant person with COVID-19. Overall, the PR was 1.07 (95% CI 1.05-1.10) for depression and 1.08 (95% CI 1.03-1.13) for anxiety in relation to having a significant person with COVID-19. The respective PRs for depression and anxiety were 1.15 (95% CI 1.08-1.23) and 1.24 (95% CI 1.14-1.34) if the patient was hospitalized, 1.42 (95% CI 1.27-1.57) and 1.45 (95% CI 1.31-1.60) if the patient was ICU-admitted, and 1.34 (95% CI 1.22-1.46) and 1.36 (95% CI 1.22-1.51) if the patient died. Individuals with a significant person with hospitalized, ICU-admitted, or fatal COVID-19 showed elevated prevalence of depression and anxiety during the entire year after the COVID-19 diagnosis.