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Selling antibiotics without prescriptions among community pharmacies and drug outlets: a simulated client study from Ghana.
Ngyedu, Eric Kofi; Acolatse, Joseph; Akafity, George; Incoom, Robert; Rauf, Audu; Seaton, R Andrew; Sneddon, Jacqueline; Cameron, Elaine; Watson, Margaret; Wanat, Marta; Godman, Brian; Kurdi, Amanj.
Afiliação
  • Ngyedu EK; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Unit, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH), Cape Coast, Ghana.
  • Acolatse J; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Unit, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH), Cape Coast, Ghana.
  • Akafity G; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Unit, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH), Cape Coast, Ghana.
  • Incoom R; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Unit, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH), Cape Coast, Ghana.
  • Rauf A; Pharmacy Council, Accra, Ghana.
  • Seaton RA; Department is Infectious Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
  • Sneddon J; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
  • Cameron E; British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Birmingham, England, UK.
  • Watson M; School of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
  • Wanat M; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK.
  • Godman B; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, UK.
  • Kurdi A; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther ; 21(12): 1373-1382, 2023.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37975725
BACKGROUND: Selling antibiotics without prescriptions is mostly illegal worldwide, including in Ghana, and promotes antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the prevalence and practice of selling antibiotics without prescriptions among community pharmacies (CPs) and drug outlets, for the first time, in Ghana to quantify and characterize this issue to inform future interventions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Two scenarios utilizing the Simulated Client Methodology were enacted: an upper respiratory tract infection of viral origin (scenario one); and pediatric diarrhea (scenario two). CPs/Outlets were selected by stratified proportional random sampling from four metropolitan cities (~14% of the total Ghanaian population). Selling of antibiotics was assessed at three demand levels and its overall prevalence was estimated, then stratified by the study variables. RESULTS: Out of the 265 sampled CPs/outlets, the prevalence of selling antibiotic without prescription was 88.3% (n = 234/265), with variations not only across the four regions [92.5% (n = 123/133) in Kumasi, 87.5% (n = 14/16) in Cape Coast, 84.1% (n = 69/82) in Accra, and 82.4% (n = 28/34) in Tamale] but also across CPs [90% (n = 121/134)] and drug outlets [86% (n = 113/131)]. CONCLUSIONS: A very high prevalence/sub-optimal practice of selling antibiotics without prescriptions was found. This highlights the need to increase compliance with antibiotic dispensing legislation through evidence-based interventions including education of key stakeholders.
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Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Farmácias / Antibacterianos Limite: Child / Humans País como assunto: Africa Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Farmácias / Antibacterianos Limite: Child / Humans País como assunto: Africa Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Article