Hormesis management of Moringa oleifera with exogenous application of plant growth regulators under saline conditions.

This study represents the first exploration of hormesis management in Moringa oleifera dual influence of changing soil conditions and foliar application of plant growth regulators. Additionally, this research fills a gap examining the variations in flavonoids (kaempferol and quercetin), hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids in moringa leaves concerning varying salinity levels and the exogenous application of plant growth regulators. Further, the study underscores the correlation among secondary metabolites, antioxidant activities and plant growth behavior.