Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Premature Coronary Heart Disease (PCHD): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Khoja, Adeel; Andraweera, Prabha H; Lassi, Zohra S; Padhani, Zahra A; Ali, Anna; Zheng, Mingyue; Pathirana, Maleesa M; Aldridge, Emily; Wittwer, Melanie R; Chaudhuri, Debajyoti D; Tavella, Rosanna; Arstall, Margaret A

Khoja, Adeel; Andraweera, Prabha H; Lassi, Zohra S; Padhani, Zahra A; Ali, Anna; Zheng, Mingyue; Pathirana, Maleesa M; Aldridge, Emily; Wittwer, Melanie R; Chaudhuri, Debajyoti D; Tavella, Rosanna; Arstall, Margaret A.

Afiliação

Khoja A; Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Electronic address
Andraweera PH; Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Lassi ZS; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Padhani ZA; Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Ali A; Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Zheng M; Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Pathirana MM; Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Aldridge E; Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Wittwer MR; Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Chaudhuri DD; Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Tavella R; Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Arstall MA; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Medical Specialties, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Heart Lung Circ ; 33(3): 265-280, 2024 Mar.

Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38365496

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

AIM:

We aimed to compare the prevalence of modifiable and non-modifiable coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors among those with premature CHD and healthy individuals.

METHODS:

PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched (review protocol is registered in PROSPERO CRD42020173216). The quality of studies was assessed using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute tool for cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3. Effect sizes for categorical and continuous variables, odds ratio (OR) and mean differences (MD)/standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported.

RESULTS:

A total of n=208 primary studies were included in this review. Individuals presenting with premature CHD (PCHD, age ≤65 years) had higher mean body mass index (MD 0.54 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.24, 0.83), total cholesterol (SMD 0.27, 95% CI 0.17, 0.38), triglycerides (SMD 0.50, 95% CI 0.41, 0.60) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD 0.79, 95% CI -0.91, -0.68) compared with healthy individuals. Individuals presenting with PCHD were more likely to be smokers (OR 2.88, 95% CI 2.51, 3.31), consumed excessive alcohol (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.05, 1.86), had higher mean lipoprotein (a) levels (SMD 0.41, 95% CI 0.28, 0.54), and had a positive family history of CHD (OR 3.65, 95% CI 2.87, 4.66) compared with healthy individuals. Also, they were more likely to be obese (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.32, 1.91), and to have had dyslipidaemia (OR 2.74, 95% CI 2.18, 3.45), hypertension (OR 2.80, 95% CI 2.28, 3.45), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 2.93, 95% CI 2.50, 3.45) compared with healthy individuals.