Quantification of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 in clinical cases of cattle with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever.

ABSTRACT

Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2) produces sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), a frequently lethal, lymphoproliferative disease that is characterized by widespread vascular lesions. Most studies that evaluated the viral load in tissues of animals with SA-MCF were done in the Northern Hemisphere, with scant information from the Southern part of the globe. This study investigated the viral load of OvGHV2 in the tissues of cattle and an underdeveloped fetus with SA-MCF from three distinct biomes of Brazil. All animals had clinical and histopathological manifestations consistent with SA-MCF. Molecular testing identified the OvGHV2 tegument protein and glycoprotein B genes in the tissues of all animals and the fetus. Viral quantification based on the DNA polymerase gene detected elevated loads of OvGHV2 in tissues with histopathological evidence of SA-MCF and organs with unknown histological data, except for the tissues of the fetus, where the viral load was comparatively reduced. The viral loads detected in multiple organs of cattle from this study with SA-MCF are consistent with those identified in different animal species from the USA and Europe. The detection of a low viral load of OvGHV2 in fetal tissue confirmed transplacental dissemination since elevated viral loads were detected in multiple tissues of the cow with SA-MCF. Furthermore, the elevated viral loads detected in the pulmonary tissues of cattle with interstitial pneumonia indicate that OvGHV2 is an inductor of pulmonary disease in cattle.