3D-Printed Carbon Nanoneedle Electrodes for Dopamine Detection in Drosophila.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
; 63(30): e202405634, 2024 Jul 22.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38742923
ABSTRACT
In vivo electrochemistry in small brain regions or synapses requires nanoelectrodes with long straight tips for submicron scale measurements. Nanoelectrodes can be fabricated using a Nanoscribe two-photon printer, but annealed tips curl if they are long and thin. We propose a new pulling-force strategy to fabricate a straight carbon nanoneedle structure. A micron-width bridge is printed between two blocks. The annealed structure shrinks during pyrolysis, and the blocks create a pulling force to form a long, thin, and straight carbon bridge. Parameterization study and COMSOL modeling indicate changes in the block size, bridge size and length affect the pulling force and bridge shrinkage. Electrodes were printed on niobium wires, insulated with aluminum oxide, and the bridge cut with focused ion beam (FIB) to expose the nanoneedle tip. Annealed needle diameters ranged from 400â
nm to 5.25â
µm and length varied from 50.5â
µm to 146â
µm. The electrochemical properties are similar to glassy carbon, with good performance for dopamine detection with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Nanoelectrodes enable biological applications, such as dopamine detection in a specific Drosophila brain region. Long and thin nanoneedles are generally useful for other applications such as cellular sensing, drug delivery, or gas sensing.
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Texto completo:
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Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Carbono
/
Dopamina
/
Eletrodos
/
Impressão Tridimensional
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article