Opportunities for de-escalation of aspirin therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation at high stroke risk receiving direct oral anticoagulants.

ABSTRACT

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of stroke that can be attenuated with newer anticoagulants, called direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Prior to the emergence of DOACs, warfarin or aspirin (ASA) were used for stroke prevention. Due to the increased risk of bleed with concomitant anticoagulation therapy, populations that may benefit from ASA therapy are becoming limited. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate ASA utilization in an outpatient setting for patients with AF at high risk of stroke receiving a DOAC. This was a retrospective study conducted through electronic health record extraction between 6/1/2021 and 5/31/2022. Patient characteristics and demographics, including CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores were evaluated in adults 18 years and older with AF and an active DOAC prescription. The secondary objective was to evaluate what characteristics influence ASA use by using a multivariate logistical regression model. A total of 5716 patients were included in the study. There were 955 patients (16.7%) on ASA and 4761 (83.3%) patients not on aspirin. Of the 955 patients on ASA, 33% (n=315) did not have vascular disease. A total of 2289 patients had at least one vascular disease diagnosis. Of these patients, 28% (n=640) were on ASA and 72% (n=1649) were not on ASA. There were 142 patients with vascular disease that experienced a bleeding event with 36% (n=51) of patients on ASA. Patients on ASA had a higher average CHA2DS2-VASc score (4.02 versus 3.74) and HAS-BLED score (3.10 versus 2.35) than patients not on ASA, respectively. This study found about one-third of patients with documented ASA use had no documentation of vascular disease and an unclear pattern of use in patients with documented vascular disease, suggesting opportunities to de-escalate ASA in patients with AF on a DOAC.