The Contractile Machines of the Heart.
Adv Exp Med Biol
; 1441: 417-433, 2024.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38884723
ABSTRACT
This chapter will describe basic structural and functional features of the contractile apparatus of muscle cells of the heart, namely, cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells. Cardiomyocytes form the contractile myocardium of the heart, while smooth muscle cells form the contractile coronary vessels. Both muscle types have distinct properties and will be considered with respect to their cellular appearance (brick-like cross-striated versus spindle-like smooth), arrangement of contractile proteins (sarcomeric versus non-sarcomeric organization), calcium activation mechanisms (thin-filament versus thick-filament regulation), contractile features (fast and phasic versus slow and tonic), energy metabolism (high oxygen versus low oxygen demand), molecular motors (type II myosin isoenzymes with high adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-release rate versus myosin isoenzymes with low ADP-release rates), chemomechanical energy conversion (high adenosine triphosphate [ATP] consumption and short duty ratio versus low ATP consumption and high duty ratio of myosin II cross-bridges [XBs]), and excitation-contraction coupling (calcium-induced calcium release versus pharmacomechanical coupling). Part of the work has been published (Neuroscience - From Molecules to Behavior", Chap. 22, Galizia and Lledo eds 2013, Springer-Verlag; with kind permission from Springer Science + Business Media).
Palavras-chave
ADP; ATP; Actin; Adenylate cyclase; Calcium; Calcium channel; Calsequestrin; Cardiomyocytes; Cell-cell junctions; Chronotropy; Contractile proteins; Coronary vessels; Cross-striation; Diastole; Endocardium; Epicardium; Excitation-contraction coupling; Frank-Starling mechanism; Gap junctions; Heartbeat; IP3 receptor; IP3R; Inotropy; Isometric contraction; Isotonic contraction; MYH; Muscle; Myocardium; Myofibrils; Myosin; Myosin heavy chain; Myosin-binding protein C; Oxygen; Oxygen consumption; PKA; Phosphorylation; Ryanodine receptor; SERCA; Sarcomere; Sarcoplasmic reticulum; Smooth muscle cells; Systole; Thick filament; Thin filament; Titin; Tropomyosin; Troponin
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Miócitos Cardíacos
/
Contração Miocárdica
Limite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article