Hot beverage consumption in the African Esophageal Cancer Corridor: A community-based thermal exposure measurement study across the lifespan.
Cancer Epidemiol
; 92: 102614, 2024 Jul 09.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38986356
ABSTRACT
"Very hot beverage" (>65°C) consumption is an IARC probable carcinogen and may contribute to the African esophageal cancer burden. We conducted community cross-sectional exposure studies of hot beverage consumption in Kenya and Malawi during 2018-2019, aiming to (i) implement a detailed measurement protocol incorporating three measurements of sip temperature and volume so as to predict each sip's intra-esophageal liquid temperature (IELT); (ii) examine variations by seasonality, drinking venue and age, including children. 246 participants were included, of whom 236 had drink measurements (52 children and 183 adults). Among adults, mean (SD) temperatures at first sip were 67 (9) and 68 (7)⯰C in Kenya and Malawi respectively, i.e. 58 and almost 70â¯% of first sips were >â¯65 °C. In both countries, adults exhibited a protective habit of smaller sips at higher temperatures (mean 11â¯mL at first sip), whereas the larger middle sip (20â¯mL) had the highest IELT (45 °C). The highest temperatures were observed in men and for drinks taken in social settings, whereas we did not detect seasonality or associations with other esophageal cancer risk factors. Measurements were difficult to make for 20â¯% (8/43) of Kenyan children whose drink was cooled by pouring between cups ('poesha'). Where poesha was not practiced, IELTs were lower in children (especially <â¯10 years) than in adults, owing to a mean of 8 °C cooler first sip temperature, however 20â¯% of first sips were >â¯65 °C. If very hot beverage consumption is an esophageal carcinogen, lowering sip temperatures and volumes in East Africa would form important prevention avenues.
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MEDLINE
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En
Ano de publicação:
2024
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Article