Signal drift in diffusion MRI of the brain: effects on intravoxel incoherent motion parameter estimates.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Signal drift has been put forward as one of the fundamental confounding factors in diffusion MRI (dMRI) of the brain. This study characterizes signal drift in dMRI of the brain, evaluates correction methods, and exemplifies its impact on parameter estimation for three intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: dMRI of the brain was acquired in ten healthy subjects using protocols designed to enable retrospective characterization and correction of signal drift. All scans were acquired twice for repeatability analysis. Three temporal polynomial correction methods were evaluated (1) global, (2) voxelwise, and (3) spatiotemporal. Effects of acquisition order were simulated using estimated drift fields. RESULTS: Signal drift was around 2% per 5 min in the brain as a whole, but reached above 5% per 5 min in the frontal regions. Only correction methods taking spatially varying signal drift into account could achieve effective corrections. Altered acquisition order introduced both systematic changes and differences in repeatability in the presence of signal drift. DISCUSSION: Signal drift in dMRI of the brain was found to be spatially varying, calling for correction methods taking this into account. Without proper corrections, choice of protocol can affect dMRI parameter estimates and their repeatability.