The polarity of the induced electric field influences magnetic coil inhibition of human visual cortex: implications for the site of excitation.

ABSTRACT

Human perception of 3 briefly flashed letters in a horizontal array that subtends a visual angle of 3 degrees or less is reduced by a magnetic coil (MC) pulse given, e.g., 90 msec later. Either a round or a double square MC is effective when the lower windings or central junction region, respectively, are tangential to the skull overlying calcarine cortex and symmetrical across the midline. The modeled, induced electric field has peak amplitude at the midline, but the peak spatial derivatives lie many centimeters laterally. Thus, the foveal representation near the midline is closer to the peak electric field than to its peak spatial derivatives, i.e., excitation of calcarine cortex differs from excitation of a straight nerve. With an MC pulse that induces an electric field which is substantially monophasic in amplitude, the lateral-most letter (usually the right-hand letter) in the trigram is preferentially suppressed when the electric field in the contralateral occipital lobe is directed towards the midline. Inferences from using peripheral nerve models imply that medially located bends in geniculo-calcarine or corticofugal fibers are the relevant sites of excitation in visual suppression; end excitation of fiber arborizations or apical dendrites is considered less likely. This conclusion is supported by the fact that the induced electric field polarity in paracentral lobule for optimally eliciting foot movements is opposite to that for visual suppression, the major bends occurring at different portions of the fiber trajectories in the two systems.