[Factors related with the morbidity of asthma]. / Estudio de factores relacionados con la morbilidad del asma.

ABSTRACT

To determine the clinical situation, prescribed treatment and compliance in patients with asthma, and to identify the parameters that most influence control of the disease. We studied 335 asthma patients assigned to health centers. All were interviewed and respiratory gases were measured. Disease symptoms were recorded, along with treatment prescribed and inhalation method used. Compliance and inhaler use were assessed on a scale. Treatment appropriateness was evaluated against criteria of international consensus. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the variables that most influenced control of asthma. Variables considered were age, sex, smoking, treatment appropriateness, inhaler technique, compliance with prescribed treatment and time since diagnosis. Disease was mild in 96 patients (28.7%), moderate in 111 (33.1%) and severe in 128 (38.2%). Treatment was appropriate in 118 (35.2%). Seventy-two (21.5%) used more drugs or higher doses than recommended. Prescribed treatment was inappropriate in 145 (43.3%). The inhalation technique was appropriate in 87 (27.5%) and inappropriate in 229 (72.5%). Ninety-four patients (28.1%) complied well with treatment and 241 (71.9%) were poor compliers. The variables that were significantly related to control of asthma were appropriate treatment and compliance. There is a high rate of morbidity due to asthma in the population studied. The percentage of inappropriate treatment is high, and compliance is low, these factors being the ones that most influence control of the disease.