Sequential treatment including high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell support in patients with high-risk stage II-III breast cancer: outpatient administration in community cancer centers.

ABSTRACT

The authors determined outcomes for patients with localized high-risk breast cancer undergoing sequential outpatient treatment with conventional-dose adjuvant therapy, chemotherapy, and growth factor mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) and high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with PBSC support in community cancer centers. Ninety-six patients with stage II-IIIB noninflammatory breast cancer with 10 or more positive lymph nodes and a median age of 46 years (range, 22-60 years) were treated with 1) doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, and methotrexate (AFM), four courses at 2-week intervals; 2) cyclophosphamide (4 g/m2) and etoposide (600 mg/m2) (CE), followed by filgrastim (6 microg/kg per day) and PBSC harvest; and 3) cyclophosphamide (6 g/m2), thiotepa (500 mg/m2), and carboplatin (800 mg/m2) (CTCb), followed by PBSC infusion. All 96 patients received AFM, 95 (99%) received CE, and 95 (99%) received CTCb with a median hospital stay of 12 days (5-34 days) for all phases of treatment. Sixty-nine patients (72%) are alive, 55 (57%) without relapse at a median follow-up of 53 months (range, 37-77 months). One patient (1%) died of acute myeloid leukemia and all other deaths were associated with recurrent breast cancer. The probabilities of event-free survival (EFS) at 4 years for patients with or without locally advanced disease were 0.37 and 0.69, respectively (p = 0.004), and 0.71 and 0.48 for patients who were estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) positive or ER/PR negative, respectively (p = 0.016). In multivariate analyses, locally advanced disease (relative risk, 2.3; p = 0.021) and ER/PR-negative hormone receptor status (relative risk, 2.2; p = 0.014) were the only adverse risk factors for EFS identified. Patients with zero, one, or two of these adverse risk factors had 4-year EFS of 0.80, 0.56, and 0.33, respectively. The sequential administration of AFM, CE, and CTCb followed by PBSC in an outpatient community setting was well tolerated in patients with high-risk stage II-III breast cancer. More intensive or more novel treatment strategies will be required to decrease relapses in patients who have ER/PR-negative tumors and/or have locally advanced disease.