Signaling Pathways for the Targeted Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Their Clinical Applications / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

ABSTRACT

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15%-20 % of all breast cancer cases, with the negative expressions of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. TNBC is a highly aggressive and malignant subtype, which also has a high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. Due to its high heterogeneity and complicated clinical features, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection are the dominant methods for TNBC treatment currently. However, severe side effects, high risk of recurrence, and damages to health are not neglectable. With the progress of basic research on TNBC, more and more signaling pathways suitable for the targeted therapy of TNBC have been revealed, and some of them have successfully entered into clinical trials, suggesting promising molecular targets in TNBC treatment. Moreover, some of these theraputic targets play important roles in the classification and precise treatment of TNBC. This paper reviewed the research progress and clinical trials of the classic signaling pathways in the targeted therapy of TNBC, including synthetic lethality pathway, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, PD-1/PD-L1 immune pathway, et al. Meanwhile, we also introduced potential signaling pathways revealed in recent years, including tumor angiogenesis pathway, polyamine synthesis and metabolism pathway, SLC3A2/LAT1 transportation pathway, and IGF-1/IGF-1R/FAK/YAP signal transduction pathway,et al.