Microbial Diversity of Psychrotolerant Bacteria Isolated from Wild Flora of Andes Mountains and Patagonia of Chile towards the Selection of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterial Consortia to Alleviate Cold Stress in Plants.

Cold stress decreases the growth and productivity of agricultural crops. Psychrotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) may protect and promote plant growth at low temperatures. The aims of this study were to isolate and characterize psychrotolerant PGPB from wild flora of Andes Mountains and Patagonia of Chile and to formulate PGPB consortia. Psychrotolerant strains were isolated from 11 wild plants (rhizosphere and phyllosphere) during winter of 2015. For the first time, bacteria associated with Calycera, Orites, and Chusquea plant genera were reported. More than 50% of the 130 isolates showed ≥33% bacterial cell survival at temperatures below zero. Seventy strains of Pseudomonas, Curtobacterium, Janthinobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Serratia, Brevundimonas, Xanthomonas, Frondihabitans, Arthrobacter, Pseudarthrobacter, Paenarthrobacter, Brachybacterium, Clavibacter, Sporosarcina, Bacillus, Solibacillus, Flavobacterium, and Pedobacter genera were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Ten strains were selected based on psychrotolerance, auxin production, phosphate solubilization, presence of nifH (nitrogenase reductase) and acdS (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase) genes, and anti-phytopathogenic activities. Two of the three bacterial consortia formulated promoted tomato plant growth under normal and cold stress conditions. The bacterial consortium composed of Pseudomonas sp. TmR5a & Curtobacterium sp. BmP22c that possesses ACC deaminase and ice recrystallization inhibition activities is a promising candidate for future cold stress studies.

Cultivo de chlorella vulgaris sobre residual de soja con la aplicación de un campo magnético / Culture of chlorella vulgaris using soy waste and applying a magnetic field

Chlorella ha ocupado la atención de los biotecnólogos al ser una importante fuente de biomasa para la producción de metabolitos de interés químico farmacéutico e industrial; sin embargo, el manejo de cultivos a gran escala sigue siendo un proceso que necesita economizarse, a partir de alternativas viables. Este trabajo presenta un estudio exploratorio en el que se evaluó la viabilidad del uso del residual de la línea de ablandamiento del grano de soya, como medio de cultivo para la microalga Chlorella vulgaris, obteniéndose excelentes valores de densidad celular máxima (Kmáx: 360 x 106 cél.mL-1). Posteriormente se evalúan los efectos de la aplicación de un campo magnético (CM) de 0.03T, obteniéndose densidades celulares máximas en un menor tiempo de cultivo, lo que puede constituir un fundamento esencial para una nueva metodología de cultivo. La calidad de la biomasa de C. vulgaris se evalúa desde el punto de vista bioquímico, lo que permite determinar la concentración de proteínas, carbohidratos y lípidos en la fase exponencial, cuya acumulación se ve favorecida dependiendo del protocolo de aplicación del CM, mientras que la concentración de lípidos es máxima si el CM es aplicado en la fase estacionaria, variando desde 1.70 ±0.02 hasta 3.48 ±0.03 pg cél; lo que constituiría una ventaja para el manejo de cultivos comerciales de esta microalga que depende de su destino.

Chlorella has occupied the attention of biotechnologists to be an important source of biomass for the production of metabolites with a pharmaceutical, industrial and chemical interest; however, managing large-scale cultures, remains a process that needs to find alternatives become cheaper and viable. This paper presents an exploratory study that evaluated the feasibility of using the residual of soybeans softening, as a culture medium for the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, yielding excellent values ​​for maximum cell density (Kmax: 360 x 106 cells.mL-1). Subsequently assessed the effects of applying a magnetic field (MF) of 0.03T, obtaining maximum cell densities in a shorter time, which may constitute an essential base for a new culture methodology. The quality of the C. vulgaris biomass was evaluated from a biochemical point of view, determining protein concentration, carbohydrates and lipids concentration in the exponential phase of growth, whose accumulation is favored, depending on the MF application protocol, while the lipid concentration is maximum if the MF is applied during the stationary phase, with values from 1.70 ±0.02 to 3.48 ±0.03 pg cell. It would be an advantage for the management of commercial cultures of Chlorella depending on the biomass final use.