Correlation of social smile symmetry with facial symmetry.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the correlation of social smile symmetry with facial symmetry. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, frontal view photographs were obtained from 169 eligible patients at rest and smiling with a camera at the level of their nose tip. Several landmarks were selected for facial symmetry and measured at rest and social smiling at the two sides of the face. The respective formula was used to calculate the asymmetry index (AI). The mean values for each AI were calculated, and the correlation between the criteria for a symmetric smile in a social smile with the criteria for facial symmetry, and the correlation between the difference in symmetry criteria at rest and social smiling with facial symmetry criteria were analyzed. RESULTS: Significant correlations were noted between Oc-b AI (smile) and Sn-B (rest) facial AI (P = 0.046), An-a (smile) AI and Gn-a (rest) facial AI (P = 0.002), An-b (smile) AI and Sn-b (rest) facial AI (P < 0.001), Pog-a (smile) and Sn-a (rest) facial AI (P < 0.001), Nt-a (smile) and Sn-a (rest) facial AI (P < 0.001), Nt-b (smile) and Sn-b (rest) facial AI (P < 0.001), Ph-a (smile) and Sn-a (rest) facial AI (P < 0.001), Ph-b (smile) and Sn-b (smile) facial AI (P = 0.007), Oc-b AI (difference) and Gn-b (rest) facial AI (P = 0.031), Oc-Pog (difference) AI and Gn-b (rest) facial AI (P = 0.041), An-b (difference) AI and Sn-b (rest) facial AI (P < 0.001), Nt-a (difference) and Sn-a (rest) facial AI (P = 0.006), Nt-b (difference) and Sn-b (rest) facial AI (P < 0.001), and Ph-b (difference) and Sn-b (rest) facial AI (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A significant correlation exists between social smile symmetry and facial symmetry.

Effects of deviations in the nose and chin prominence on facial attractiveness.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of deviations in the nose and chin prominence on facial attractiveness. METHODS: In this study, a reference digital photograph was taken from the facial profile view of an adult female model. Some changes were made in the nose and chin prominence in Photoshop software using the Crumley's analysis. Changes made in the nose prominence yielded a prominent nose (2:11 ratio), a normal nose (3:53 ratio) and a small nose (4:61 ratio). Changes made in the chin prominence were protrusion by +2 and 0 mm and retrusion by -2, -4 and -6 mm (distance from the pogonion to the vertical reference line). In total, 18 orthodontists, 18 oral and maxillofacial surgeons, 18 art students and 18 laypeople evaluated the photographs (n = 15) and expressed their opinion regarding the facial profile attractiveness using a visual analogue scale (0-100). Data were analysed using SPSS version 18. RESULTS: A significant difference was noted in the ratings of photographs (Greenhouse-Geisser, P < 0.001). Orthodontists gave a significantly higher score than laypeople to photographs with a small nose and deviations of the chin prominence (P = 0.015). Art students gave a significantly higher score than laypeople to photographs with a prominent chin and deviations in the nose prominence (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Facial profile with a normal (3:53 ratio) or small (4:61 ratio) nose and chin protrusion/retrusion by 2 mm (pogonion-vertical line) is considered attractive.

A Comparison of Doctor/Patient Satisfaction with Aesthetic Outcomes of Rhinoplasty: a Prospective Study.

The tendency toward cosmetic surgeries has been increasing all over the world. These surgeries are conducted to improve the functions related to the involved organ. Moreover, such procedures are supposed to have significant effects on an individual's physical and mental health. This study aims at comparing doctor/patient satisfaction with the aesthetic outcomes of rhinoplasty. In the present retrospective study, 60 patients, including 26 males and 34 females, were investigated. The patients were candidates for a nose job (rhinoplasty). One week before the surgery, the doctor and the patients were provided with questionnaires including information about the nasal hump, nostrils, nose tip size, upward sloping of the nose at the tip, the display of the middle-lower nose, nasal width, the nasal proportion compared with the face, and the general satisfaction. The information on the aforementioned items was collected to record the condition of nose beauty before rhinoplasty. After the surgery, the patients and the doctor were given the same questionnaire following one-month and three-month intervals, so that the aesthetic outcomes resulted from the surgery were evaluated. In comparison to the first month, the surgeons and the patients had a higher level of satisfaction in the third month. The surgeons' satisfaction with the upward sloping of the nose at the tip, as well as the display of the middle-lower nose, was greater compared to the patients. However, the patients' satisfaction with the nostrils was higher than that of the surgeons. Regarding the other factors investigated in the present study, there was no significant difference between the satisfaction of patients and surgeons. For individuals whose educational levels were higher than high school, there was a higher satisfaction level with the nasal hump, the display of the middle-lower nose, and the nasal proportion compared with the face.