Comparison of inflammation in the tongue with inflammation of the aorta and coronary arteries: an autopsy study of the histologic features and immunohistochemical markers.

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the arteries responsible for a high rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The objective of this study was to associate the histopathologic and immunohistochemical aspects of tongue inflammation with aortic and coronary atherosclerosis in autopsied humans. A total of 4378 autopsy reports were analyzed, and cases were included in the study if fragments of the individual's tongue, aorta, and coronary artery were available for analysis (N = 16). Morphologic and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed for interleukin 1α (IL-1α), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon γ (IFN-γ). Findings of IL-1α in the aorta were associated with the following parameters evaluated in the tongue: IL-6 (P = 0.031), inflammation in the submucosa (P = 0.042), and spongiosis (P = 0.018). Findings of IL-6 in the tongue were associated with IL-1α (P = 0.031), IL-6 (P = 0.016), and TNF-α (P = 0.016) in the aorta. Tongue exocytosis was associated with IL-6 (P = 0.003) and IFN-γ (P = 0.003) in the aorta. Inflammation in the submucosa, spongiosis, and higher immunostaining by IL-6 on the tongue are associated with higher immunostaining by IL-1α in the aorta. In addition, increased intensity in the presence of IL-6 in the tongue is also associated with increases in IL-6 and TNF-α in the aorta. Because these cytokines contribute to the process of atherosclerosis, and infectious agents are a major cause of inflammation in the tongue, it seems likely that proper prevention and treatment of lingual infections could reduce the risk of atherosclerosis. However, further studies are needed to corroborate these findings.

Experience in managing action research on hepatitis C survey in the prison community. / Experiência no gerenciamento de pesquisa-ação sobre inquérito de hepatite C junto à comunidade carcerária.

We aimed to report the experience in managing action research on hepatitis C investigation in the prison community in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The proposal was developed from March 2019 to March 2020, reaching 240 people to contain the spread of the disease through a survey, testing, and monitoring of positive cases. We adopted intersectoral action with articulation between Universities, Medical Society, Teaching Hospital, and State Secretariat for Justice and Public Security. Strategies for the management of action research are described: study settings and stakeholders, registration and formalization of the activity, application of tests, and management of reagent inmates. We identified difficulties regarding the accommodation of routines among the research team and the proper functioning of the penitentiary, which required extensive training between the parties and managerial articulations. We consider that the report collaborates with the organization of future research aimed at accessing this still invisible population, the prison community when it highlights the strategies adopted to conduct the research.

Objetivou-se relatar a experiência no gerenciamento de pesquisa-ação sobre inquérito de hepatite C junto à comunidade carcerária no Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais. A proposta foi desenvolvida entre março de 2019 e março de 2020, alcançando 240 pessoas, com o intuito de conter a disseminação do agravo por meio de inquérito, testagem e acompanhamento dos casos positivos. Adotou-se ação intersetorial, com articulação entre universidades, sociedade médica, hospital de ensino e Secretaria de Estado de Justiça e Segurança Pública. As estratégias para o gerenciamento da pesquisa-ação foram: cenários e atores do estudo, registro e formalização da atividade, aplicação dos testes e manejo dos internos reagentes. Dificuldades foram identificadas quanto à acomodação de rotinas entre equipe de pesquisadores e funcionamento próprio da penitenciária, o que exigiu treinamento ostensivo entre as partes e articulações gerenciais. Considera-se que o relato, quando destaca as estratégias adotadas para a condução da pesquisa, colabora para a organização de investigações futuras que visem acessar essa população ainda invisibilizada.

Analysis of Knowledge About Male Breast Cancer Among Higher Education Male Students.

OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, both in Brazil and worldwide. Breast cancer can also affects men but this constitutes only 1% of cases and is thus considered rare, and for this reason is little studied. Statistics indicate an increase in its incidence with an estimate of new cases in recent years. This study aims to analyze the knowledge of higher education students in relation to breast cancer in men. the knowledge of higher education students in relation to breast cancer in men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Exploratory study with a quantitative approach. 299 male students participated in the study. Data collection took place through semi-structured questionnaires, completed by students from pure science, human sciences and health at a higher education institution. RESULTS: Regardless of the area of undergraduate study, 65.9% of the volunteers reported not knowing about breast cancer in men. Regarding predisposing factors for the development of breast cancer, 77.3% reported not knowing about these while 68.9% reported not knowing about breast self-examination. However, 67.6% believe that breast cancer in men can be prevented. Worryingly, 62.5% reported that they only seek medical assistance when becoming ill. CONCLUSION: Evidence from this study suggests that higher level undergraduates have limited knowledge about breast cancer in men. Only one third knew that male breast cancer was possible. Even smaller proportions knew of the predisposing factors for breast cancer, how to perform self-examination and about diagnosis. These latter factors, when combined with a tendency to seek medical help only when ill, suggests a short-fall in health knowledge which should be corrected.

Influence of an Exergaming Training Program on Reducing the Expression of IL-10 and TGF-ß in Cancer Patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of exergaming in the plasma levels of adipokines (interleukin [IL]-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), Th1 (IL-2, IL-12, and interferon gamma [IFN-γ]), Th2 (IL-4 and IL-33), Th17 (IL-17 and IL-23), and regulatory T (Treg) (IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-ß]) in cancer patients undergoing treatment. Materials and Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental control clinical trial using exergaming in all groups through the Xbox 360 Kinect™. The game used in this study was called Your Shape Fitness Evolved 2012. The volunteer participants played the game two to three times per week, for a total of 20 sessions. Forty-five volunteer participants were divided into 3 groups: cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy group CRG; n = 15); cancer patients who finished chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatment (cancer accompaniment group CAG; n = 15); and the control group (volunteers without a cancer diagnosis CG; n = 15). In the pre- and post-training period, all volunteers submitted to blood collection procedures using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This test was used to obtain the levels of adipokines expression (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and the cytokine profiles Th1 (IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4 and IL-33), Th17 (IL-17 and IL-23), and Treg (IL-10 and TGF-ß). Results: After exergaming, the CRG showed significant reductions in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6: P < 0.05; IL-10: P = 0.038; TGF-ß: P = 0.049) and for CAG (IL-10: P = 0.034), as well as a reduction in the expression of cytokines related to the action of T lymphocytes. Conclusion: Exergaming promoted changes in the expression of cytokine profiles IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-ß, which correlated with the action profiles of CD4+ T lymphocytes.

Levels of Pro and Anti-inflammatory Citokynes and C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Submitted to Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment

Aim: to compare the levels of IFN-γ, TGF-ß and C-reactive protein (CRP) in healthy patients (HP) and chronic periodontitis patients (CP) before and seven days after the last session of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment (NSPT). Materials and Methods: 40 subjects were divided into two groups: healthy (n= 20), and with chronic periodontitis (n = 20). Serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected from each patient and quantified for IFN-γ, TGF-ß and CRP using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: IFN-γ was found to be higher in the GCF of the CP group before NSPT in relation to the HP group (p<0.05), and it had significant higher levels after seven days of NSPT (p<0.05). The levels of TGF-ß in the GCF of CP patients before NSPT were significantly higher when compared to HP (p<0.05), but they decreased after seven days of NSPT (p>0.05). Serum CRP levels did not show statistical difference between CP and HP before or after NSPT. Conclusion: Therefore, our results demonstrated for the first time that NSPT causes early exacerbation of the immune response at the local level represented by increased levels of IFN-γ and decreased levels of TGF-ß in the gingival crevicular fluid after seven days of treatment.

Regional Myocardial Perfusion Disturbance in Experimental Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy.

Altered myocardial perfusion is a common finding in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), but its underlying histologic changes have not been elucidated. We investigated the occurrence of myocardial perfusion defects (MPDs) and the correlated regional changes to histology in an experimental model of CCC in hamsters. Methods: Female Syrian hamsters (n = 34) were infected with 3.5 × 104 to 105 trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, Y strain, and 6-10 mo afterward underwent in vivo imaging including resting 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT, segmental and global left ventricular function assessment using 2-dimensional echocardiography, and 18F-FDG PET for evaluation of myocardial viability. Histologic analysis included quantification of fibrosis, inflammatory infiltration, and the diameter and density of myocardial microcirculation. Results: MPDs were present in 17 (50%) of the infected animals. Histologic analysis revealed no transmural scar in segments with an MPD, and normal or mildly reduced 18F-FDG uptake, indicating viable myocardium. Infected animals with an MPD, in comparison to infected animals without an MPD and control animals, showed a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0.012), a higher wall motion score index (P = 0.004), and a higher extent of inflammatory infiltration (P = 0.018) but a similar extent of fibrosis (P = 0.15) and similar microvascular diameter and density (P > 0.05). Segments with an MPD (n = 65), as compared with normally perfused regions in the same animal (n = 156), showed a higher wall motion score index (P = 0.005) but a similar extent of inflammatory infiltration, a similar extent of fibrosis, and a similar microvascular diameter and density. Conclusion: Resting MPDs are frequent in experimental CCC and are associated with myocardial inflammation but do not designate scar tissue, corresponding to regions with metabolically viable myocardium.

Additional acute effects of virtual reality head-mounted displays on balance outcomes in non-disabled individuals: a proof-of-concept study

Abstract Aim: This study aims to evaluate the additional acute effect of virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays (HMD) when associated with balance exercises in balance outcomes in non-disabled individuals. Methods: Thirty individuals were randomized into two groups: balance exercise group (GBE; n = 15); and virtual reality + balance exercise group (GVR + BE; n = 15). The individuals were evaluated by static and dynamic balance using the tandem test (TT), single-leg stance (SLS), and Fukuda stepping test (FST). Both groups performed 30 min of balance exercises. The GVR + BE performed 8 additional minutes of virtual reality prior to balance exercises. A roller coaster application was used for the HMD. The Mann-Whitney test was used for intra-group and differences of inter-group analysis, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: In the GBE group analysis, there was observed an increase of time in TT with closed eyes (p = 0.025) and SLS with closed eyes (p = 0.003). In the same way, the GVR + BE group increase TT with closed eyes (p = 0.003) and SLS with closed eyes (p = 0.002) after the intervention. In the intergroup analysis, the increase in the SLS with closed eyes was superior in the GVR + BE group when compared with GBE (p = 0.006; d = 1.67). Conclusion: The use of HMD in combination with balance exercise has an acute effect on increasing static balance in non-disabled individuals.

Analysis of Knowledge Level in Brazilian Students about Human Papillomavirus Infection and Development of Penile Cancer

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV), belonging to the Papovavirida family, is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease (STD) agent worldwide. In Brazil, it is estimated that there are 3-6 million people infected with HPV. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of young male students about penis cancer related to HPV infection. Methods: This exploratory and quantitative study was conducted to analyze answers of 242 male students attending a private college located in Uberaba city, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, during 2015. Results: Most of the 242 participants (88.8%) affirmed having started sexual life very early, the majority (79.3%) were currently married and 69.8% had a single sexual partner. Regardless of their knowledge about HPV virus and its relationship with penis cancer, our data showed a general lack of awareness of the participants. Conclusion: Our results suggest that despite efforts to propagate information about HPV infection and its relation to penis cancer, the level of knowledge of students is low. Because of that, it is important to improve the information spread by media, emphasizing prevention and treatment of HPV infection in men.

Experiência no gerenciamento de pesquisa-ação sobre inquérito de hepatite C junto à comunidade carcerária / Experience in managing action research on hepatitis C survey in the prison community

Resumo Objetivou-se relatar a experiência no gerenciamento de pesquisa-ação sobre inquérito de hepatite C junto à comunidade carcerária no Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais. A proposta foi desenvolvida entre março de 2019 e março de 2020, alcançando 240 pessoas, com o intuito de conter a disseminação do agravo por meio de inquérito, testagem e acompanhamento dos casos positivos. Adotou-se ação intersetorial, com articulação entre universidades, sociedade médica, hospital de ensino e Secretaria de Estado de Justiça e Segurança Pública. As estratégias para o gerenciamento da pesquisa-ação foram: cenários e atores do estudo, registro e formalização da atividade, aplicação dos testes e manejo dos internos reagentes. Dificuldades foram identificadas quanto à acomodação de rotinas entre equipe de pesquisadores e funcionamento próprio da penitenciária, o que exigiu treinamento ostensivo entre as partes e articulações gerenciais. Considera-se que o relato, quando destaca as estratégias adotadas para a condução da pesquisa, colabora para a organização de investigações futuras que visem acessar essa população ainda invisibilizada.

Abstract We aimed to report the experience in managing action research on hepatitis C investigation in the prison community in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The proposal was developed from March 2019 to March 2020, reaching 240 people to contain the spread of the disease through a survey, testing, and monitoring of positive cases. We adopted intersectoral action with articulation between Universities, Medical Society, Teaching Hospital, and State Secretariat for Justice and Public Security. Strategies for the management of action research are described: study settings and stakeholders, registration and formalization of the activity, application of tests, and management of reagent inmates. We identified difficulties regarding the accommodation of routines among the research team and the proper functioning of the penitentiary, which required extensive training between the parties and managerial articulations. We consider that the report collaborates with the organization of future research aimed at accessing this still invisible population, the prison community when it highlights the strategies adopted to conduct the research.

Relationship between clinical, placentary, obstetric and neonatal aspects and intrauterine growth in high risk pregnancies / Relación entre los aspectos clínicos placentarios, obstétricos y neonatales y el crecimiento intrauterino en la gestación de alto riesgo / Relação entre os aspectos clínicos, placentários, obstétricos e neonatais e o crescimento intrauterino na gestação de alto risco

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze clinical, placental and obstetric aspects of women with and without high-risk pregnancy, and their relationship with intrauterine growth deviations and neonatal aspects. Method: this is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data collection was based on an analysis of the medical records of women with and without high-risk pregnancy and newborns, and anatomopathological characterization of the placenta. Results: 265 placentas were analyzed, 130 (49.06%) women with high-risk pregnancy and newborns with intrauterine growth deviations. A higher occurrence of placental changes was found in high-risk pregnancy and uterine growth deviations in comparison to cases without high-risk pregnancy (p≤0.001). High-risk pregnancies with intrauterine growth deviations were associated with placental changes (p≤0.001). Intrauterine growth deviations was related to birth weight in cases of high-risk pregnancy compared to normal gestation (p=0.014). Conclusion: a higher occurrence of placental anatomopathological changes was found in maternal and fetal surfaces in cases of high-risk pregnancy and intrauterine growth deviations.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar aspectos clínicos, placentarios y obstétricos de mujeres con y sin gestación de alto riesgo y su relación con desvíos de crecimiento intrauterino y aspectos neonatales. Métodos: investigación descriptivo transversal. La recolección de datos se basó en el análisis de los expedientes de las mujeres con y sin gestación de alto riesgo y de los recién nacidos, y análisis anatomopatológico placentario. Resultados: fueron estudiadas 265 placentas, 130 (49,06%) de mujeres con gestación de alto riesgo y recién nacidos con desvíos de crecimiento intrauterino. Hubo mayor ocurrencia de alteraciones placentarias en gestación de alto riesgo y desvíos de crecimiento uterino comparados con los casos sin gestación de alto riesgo (p≤0,001). Gestación de alto riesgo con desvíos de crecimiento intrauterino posee asociación con alteraciones placentarias (p≤0,001). Desvíos de crecimiento intrauterino están relacionados al peso al nacer en casos con gestación de alto riesgo, comparados con gestación normal (p=0,014). Conclusión: existe mayor ocurrencia de alteraciones anatomopatológicas placentarias tanto en la madre como en el feto en los casos con gestación de alto riesgo y desvíos de crecimiento intrauterino.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar aspectos clínicos, placentários e obstétricos de mulheres com e sem gestação de alto risco e sua relação com desvios de crescimento intrauterino e aspectos neonatais. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal. A coleta de dados baseou-se em análise dos prontuários das mulheres com e sem gestação de alto risco e dos recém-nascidos, e análise anatomopatológica placentária.Resu ltados: foram estudadas 265 placentas, 130 (49,06%) de mulheres com gestação de alto risco e recém-nascidos com desvios de crescimento intrauterino. Houve maior ocorrência de alterações placentárias em gestação de alto risco e Desvios de crescimento uterino comparadas aos casos sem gestação de alto risco (p≤0,001). Gestação de alto risco com Desvios de crescimento intrauterino possui associação com alterações placentárias (p≤0,001). desvios de crescimento intrauterino está relacionado ao peso ao nascer em casos com gestação de alto risco, comparados com gestação normal (p=0,014). Conclusão: existe maior ocorrência de alterações anatomopatológicas placentárias nas faces materna e fetal nos casos com gestação de alto risco e desvios de crescimento intrauterino.

Local cytokine profiles of patients with cervical intraepithelial and invasive neoplasia.

Several studies have suggested that patients with cervical intraepithelial and invasive neoplasia have reduced levels of Th1 cytokines, and increased levels of Th2 cytokines. Thus, the aim of this study was to delineate the immunological profile associated with lesion progression. Biopsies were obtained from 28 patients with low grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 53 patients with high grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), 25 patients with invasive cancer (CA), and 20 healthy controls. Levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, TGF-ß1 and TGF-ß2 were then assayed by RT-PCR and ELISA for each biopsy sample. For LSILs, higher levels of Th1 cytokines were detected, while HSILs were associated with a Th2 cytokine profile. In contrast, CA tissues were associated with the strongest expression of a Treg cytokine profile. In conclusion the most important contribution of these work is identification of the Treg cytokine profile in HPV progression lesions and in combination, these results suggested that tumor progression is dependent on suppression of cellular immunity.

Macroscopic placental changes associated with fetal and maternal events in diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES: The current study sought to identify macroscopic placental changes associated with clinical conditions in women with or without diabetes and their newborns. METHODS: The study population consisted of 62 pregnant women clinically diagnosed with diabetes and 62 healthy women (control group). RESULTS: Among the subjects with diabetes, 43 women (69.3%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, 15 had diabetes mellitus I (24.2%), and four had diabetes mellitus II (6.5%). The mean age of the women studied was 28.5 ± 5.71 years, and the mean gestational age of the diabetic women was 38.51 weeks. Of the 62 placentas from diabetic pregnancies, 49 (79%) maternal surfaces and 59 (95.2%) fetal surfaces showed abnormalities, including calcium and fibrin deposits, placental infarction, hematoma, and fibrosis. A statistical association was found between newborn gender and fetal and maternal placental changes (p = 0.002). The mean weight of the newborns studied was 3,287 ± 563 g for women with diabetes mellitus, 3,205 ± 544 g for those with gestational diabetes mellitus, 3,563 ± 696 g for those with diabetes mellitus II, and 3,095 ± 451 g for those with diabetes mellitus I. CONCLUSIONS: Infarction, hematoma, calcification, and fibrin were found on the maternal and fetal placental surfaces in women with diabetes. Women with gestational diabetes and post-term infants had more calcium deposits on the maternal placental surface as compared to those with type I and type II diabetes.

Cytokine serum levels in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II-III treated with intralesional interferon-α 2b.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade II-III is being diagnosed in younger women and, because of the reproductive age range for women and the habits associated with a modern lifestyle, is now affecting a broad age range. Surgical treatment for CIN has been associated with premature amenorrhea, low birth weight, and premature labor and birth. It is therefore imperative to develop clinical treatments for CIN, such as conservative treatment with interferons. The object of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of cytokines (IFN- g, IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, TGF ß) in the serum of patients with an initial diagnosis of CIN II-III. METHODS: Ten patients with CIN-CIN II (60%, n = 6) and CIN III (40%, n = 4), 23 to 51 years of age and who had not received any prior treatments, were evaluated. The patients were given 3 million/UI (per cm2 of colposcopic lesion) of human recombinant IFN-α 2b by intralesional administration (18 applications on alternate days). Before treatment, in the 6th, 12th, and 18th applications, blood was collected from the patients for cytokine analysis using ELISA. RESULTS: Half of the patients had a good pathologic response; the other half, all of whom were smokers, had therapeutic failure. The average concentration of IL-12 (pg/ml) in the serum of patients who responded well to therapy was elevated from the 12th and 18th application of IFN-α 2b compared to patients who experienced therapeutic failure: 1804.0 ± 1020 vs 391.2 ± 722.3 and 1738.0 ± 2426.0 vs 448.5 ± 407.2, respectively, P <0.05. CONCLUSIONS: CIN II-III treated with intralesional IFN-α 2b achieved a good response in non-smoking patients and was associated with an increase in IL-12 serum levels.

Supplement with Cystoseira canariensis promotes an increase of resistance to the maximum load in the grastrocnemius muscle of female rats / Suplemento con Cystoseira canariensis promueve aumento de la resistencia a la carga máxima en músculo gastrocnemio de ratas / Suplemento com Cystoseira canariensis promove aumento de resistência à carga máxima em músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas

Was evaluated the maximum load supported by the grastrocnemius muscle of female rats after the ministering of Cystoseira canariensis, either associated or not to swimming. Twenty-eight young Wistar female rats were used, divided into 4 groups: control (C, n=7); supplement (S, n=7); supplement and swimming (SSw, n=7); swimming (Sw, n=7). Each one pertaining to the groups S and SSw received 20 mg of myostatin inhibitor per day. The swimming consisted in an aerobe protocol, three times in a week, during eight weeks. The right grastrocnemius muscle of each animal was removed and a tension test was performed in an Emic testing machine. The results (Mean±SEM) were evaluated through ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). A significant difference for maximum load (in N) was verified among the groups C (35.41±1.06) and S (39.98±1.15); Sw (27.94±2.19) and S (39.98±1.15); Sw (27.94±2.19) and SSw (37.78±1.28). In relation to the stretching at the maximum limit (in x10-3m) at the maximum load, the group SSw obtained a value (20.68±1.19) significantly greater than the groups C (17.15±1.11), S and Sw (16.11±1.60). There was a significant difference for body weight gain among the groups treated with supplement and supplement associated to the swimming, with smaller values for this last. The myostatin inhibitor either, associated or not to the swimming, promotes an increase of resistance to the maximum load in the tension test in grastrocnemius muscle of young female rats.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la carga máxima soportada por el músculo gastrocnemio de ratas después de intervención con Cystoseira canariensis, asociado o no con la natación. Se utilizaron 28 ratas Wistar, divididas en 4 grupos: control (C, n=7); suplemento (S, n=7); suplemento y natación (SN, n=7); y natación (N, n=7). Cada animal perteneciente a los grupos S y SN recibió 20 mg de inhibidor de miostatina por día. La natación consistió em un protocolo aeróbico, tres veces por semana, durante ocho semanas. Tras el período de entrenamiento, fue retirado el músculo gastrocnemio derecho de cada animal y realizado test de tracción en una máquina de ensayo Emic. Los resultados (Media±DP) fueron evaluados por ANOVA y test de Tukey (p<0,05). Hubo una diferencia significativa en la carga máxima ( en N) entre los grupos C (35,41±1,06) y S (39,98±1,15); N (27,94±2,19) y S (39,98±1,15); N (27,94±2,19) y SN (37,78±1,28). En cuanto al alargamiento en el límite máximo (en x10-3 m), el grupo SN obtuvo valor (20,68±1,19) significativamente mayor que los grupos C (17,15±1,11) y N (16,11±1.60). Hubo una diferencia significativa en el aumento de masa corporal entre los grupos tratados con suplemento y suplemento asociado con la natación, con valores más bajos para este último. El inhibidor de miostatina, asociado o no con la natación, promueve aumento de resistencia a la carga máxima, en el test de tracción, en músculo gastrocnemio de ratas jóvenes.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a carga máxima suportada pelo músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas após intervenção com Cystoseira canariensis, associado ou não à natação. Foram utilizadas 28 ratas Wistar, divididas em 4 grupos: controle (C, n=7); suplemento (S, n=7); suplemento e natação (SN, n=7); e natação (N, n=7). Cada animal pertencente aos grupos S e SN recebeu 20 mg de inibidor de miostatina por dia. A natação consistiu em um protocolo aeróbio, três vezes por semana, durante oito semanas. Após o período de treinamento, foi retirado o músculo gastrocnêmio direito de cada animal e realizado teste de tração em uma máquina de ensaio Emic. Os resultados (Média±DP) foram avaliados por meio de ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Houve diferença significativa para carga no limite máximo (em N) entre os grupos C (35,41±1,06) e S (39,98±1,15); N (27,94±2,19) e S (39,98±1,15); N (27,94±2,19) e SN (37,78±1,28). Em relação ao alongamento no limite máximo (em x10-3m), o grupo SN obteve valor (20,68±1,19) significativamente maior do que os grupos C (17,15±1,11) e N (16,11±1,60). Houve diferença significativa para ganho de massa corporal entre os grupos tratados com suplemento e suplemento associado à natação, com menores valores para este último. O inibidor de miostatina, associado ou não à natação, promove aumento de resistência à carga máxima, no teste de tração, em músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas jovens.

Postural biomechanical risks for nursing workersRiscos biomecânicos posturais em trabalhadores de enfermagem / Riscos biomecânicos posturais em trabalhadores de enfermagem

Introduction In the hospital environment, several types of professionals must be involved in continuous working shifts, under working conditions that are often unsatisfactory. Objective The objective of the present study was to analyze the biomechanical risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD). Material and methods This was a cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive and quantitative study and its analysis considered 15 workers, in three shifts. A questionnaire containing personal information and general data regarding the work environment was applied. The REBA protocol was used for posture assessment, once the workers were recorded while performing their activities. The results were presented descriptively. Results In light of the results obtained, the working day was found excessive, particularly considering the weekly frequency and period of time of the working shifts. The REBA protocol showed that the positions adopted presented high risk for the development of WRMD in all nine activities evaluated. Conclusion The nursing activities were characterized as stressful for the workers involved. .

Introdução No ambiente hospitalar, há a necessidade do envolvimento de diversos tipos de profissionais em turnos de trabalho contínuos em condições de trabalho muitas vezes insatisfatórias. Objetivo O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os fatores de riscos biomecânicos para os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT). Material e métodos Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, exploratório, quantitativo e descritivo, e a análise envolveu 15 trabalhadores, em 3 situações de trabalho. Aplicou-se um questionário contendo informações pessoais e dados gerais sobre o ambiente de trabalho. Para avaliação foi utilizado o protocolo REBA, aplicado após filmagens dos indivíduos em suas atividades. Os resultados foram apresentados de forma descritiva. Resultados Dentre os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que a jornada de trabalho é superior à normalidade, considerando-se frequência semanal e tempo diário de trabalho. O protocolo REBA mostra que as posições adotadas são de alto risco para o desenvolvimento das DORTs, nas 9 atividades avaliadas. Conclusão As atividades de enfermagem foram consideradas com alto índice de estresse físico aos trabalhadores envolvidos. .

Macroscopic placental changes associated with fetal and maternal events in diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVES: The current study sought to identify macroscopic placental changes associated with clinical conditions in women with or without diabetes and their newborns. METHODS: The study population consisted of 62 pregnant women clinically diagnosed with diabetes and 62 healthy women (control group). RESULTS: Among the subjects with diabetes, 43 women (69.3%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, 15 had diabetes mellitus I (24.2%), and four had diabetes mellitus II (6.5%). The mean age of the women studied was 28.5 ± 5.71 years, and the mean gestational age of the diabetic women was 38.51 weeks. Of the 62 placentas from diabetic pregnancies, 49 (79%) maternal surfaces and 59 (95.2%) fetal surfaces showed abnormalities, including calcium and fibrin deposits, placental infarction, hematoma, and fibrosis. A statistical association was found between newborn gender and fetal and maternal placental changes (p = 0.002). The mean weight of the newborns studied was 3,287 ± 563 g for women with diabetes mellitus, 3,205 ± 544 g for those with gestational diabetes mellitus, 3,563 ± 696 g forthose with diabetes mellitus II, and 3,095 ± 451 g forthose with diabetes mellitus I. CONCLUSIONS: Infarction, hematoma, calcification, and fibrin were found on the maternal and fetal placental surfaces in women with diabetes. Women with gestational diabetes and post-term infants had more calcium deposits on the maternal placental surface as compared to those with type I and type II diabetes.

Avaliação das propriedades mecânicas do músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas imobilizado e submetido à corrente russa / Mechanical property analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle of rats immobilized and submitted to the Russian current

A eletroestimulação neuromuscular por corrente russa, recurso utilizado na reabilitação, pode aumentar o trofismo e restabelecer a força muscular, sobretudo dos músculos que apresentam deficit pós-imobilização, como é o caso de lesões durante a prática esportiva. Objetivou-se avaliar as propriedades mecânicas do músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas imobilizadas por 14 dias e posteriormente submetidas à eletroestimulação por corrente russa durante 10 dias. Utilizaram-se 32 ratas Wistar divididas em quatro grupos: controle (G1), imobilizado (G2); imobilizado e liberado por 10 dias (G3) e imobilizado e submetido à corrente russa por 10 dias (G4). A avaliação das propriedades mecânicas – carga, alongamento, rigidez e resiliência – foi feita por ensaio de tração longitudinal. Quanto à carga no limite máximo, o G4 apresentou valores mais elevados quando comparado ao grupo apenas imobilizado (G2, p<0,001), embora sem atingir o valor do G1. Na análise da propriedade de alongamento no limite máximo, G3 e G4 alcançaram valores significativamente maiores que o G2 (p<0,001). No que se refere à rigidez, apenas G2 alcançou valores maiores (p<0,05) que o G1. Quanto à resiliência, G4 apresentou valores inferiores ao grupo controle (p<0,05), mas ainda superiores aos do G2 (p<0,001). Portanto conclui-se que a corrente russa, quando aplicada por 10 dias após 14 dias de imobilização, é benéfica, embora não seja capaz...

Neuromuscular electric stimulation by Russian current, used in rehabilitation, is able to increase muscle trophism and strength, especially in muscles with post-immobilization deficit, as is the case of injuries during sports practice. The purpose here was to assess the gastrocnemius muscle mechanical properties of rats immobilized for 14 days and subjected to electric stimulation by Russian current for 10 days. Thirty two Wistar female rats were divided into four groups: control (G1), immobilized (G2), immobilized and freed (G3), and immobilized and afterwards submitted to Russian current (G4). Mechanical properties – maximum load and stretch, stiffness, and resilience – were assessed by longitudinal traction. As to maximum load, G4 showed higher values when compared to the only-immobilized group (G2, p<0.001), though not attaining G1 values. In the analysis of maximum elongation results, G3 and G4 presented significantly higher values than G2 (p<0.001). Concerning stiffness, only G2 reached higher values (p<0.05) than G1. As to resilience, G4 presented significantly lower values than G1 (p<0.05), but still higher than G2’s (p<0.001). Hence the study showed that Russian current, applied for 10 days after a 14-day immobilization, is beneficial, though not able to restore all the muscle mechanical properties at control level.