Sociodemographic and psychological characteristics associated with discrepancy between body satisfaction and weight change among adolescents.

This study aimed to describe the discrepancy between body satisfaction change and weight change among adolescents following a 2-year school-based intervention, to identify associated sociodemographic factors, and to explore possible associations with perceived health indicators. We used data from a northeastern France representative adolescents sample (14-18 years old) who participated in the PRALIMAP (PRomotion de l'ALIMentation et de l'Activité Physique) study (2006-2009). Weight change was measured by the change in body mass index z-score from the start to the end of the study. Body satisfaction and self-perceived health (anxiety, depression, eating disorder and quality of life) changes were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Discrepancy between body satisfaction change and weight change was described with cross-tabulations, and subdivided into optimism/pessimism (i.e. positive/negative body satisfaction change compared to weight change). Sociodemographic factors associated with discrepancy were determined by multivariate logistic regression models. Adjusted linear regression models described 2-year change in weight and self-perceived health according to discrepancy. Among the 3279 adolescents included (aged 15.1 ± 0.6 years), the proportion of discrepancy was 74.8% (pessimism = 41.6%; optimism = 33.2%). Discrepancy, especially pessimism, was higher in boys than in girls (OR = 1.44 [1.19; 1.74], p = .0002), and in socially advantaged adolescents (OR = 1.82 [1.20; 2.74], p = .004) than in disadvantage ones. Body satisfaction change was rather in line with anxiety, depression and quality of life changes than weight change. Body satisfaction change should be considered in overweight and obesity prevention interventions alongside body weight change, and could be used as indicator of long-term behavior maintenance. Clinical trials registry and number:ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01688453).

Longitudinal patterns of lifestyle behaviours in adolescence: a latent transition analysis.

The interdependence among eating behaviour (EB), physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) suggests simultaneously identifying homogeneous profiles and describing their changes. This study aimed to (1) identify cross-sectional lifestyle behaviour profiles and their 2-year changes among French school-age adolescents and (2) identify factors associated with these profiles and changes. Longitudinal data from adolescents who participated in the PRomotion de l'ALIMentation et de l'Activité Physique trial were used. PA and ST were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and EB with a FFQ. Profiles at baseline and their changes were identified by latent transition analysis. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with profiles and their changes. Among 2390 adolescents included (14-18 years), five baseline profiles that differed mainly in EB were identified: 'healthy diet and high PA (7·9 %)', 'big eater and moderate to high PA (23·8 %)', 'healthy diet and low PA (31·2 %)', 'restrictive diet and moderate PA (20·6 %)' and 'sugar products, nibbling and moderate PA (16·5 %)'. Young adolescents, those who were overweight or obese and socially advantaged, were more in the 'healthy diet and low PA' than others. Boys, older and socially less advantaged adolescents exhibited more 'unfavourable' than 'mixed' changes, while adolescents with overweight or obesity had less 'unfavourable' than 'mixed' changes. In conclusion, adolescents were twice the number in the least than the most favourable profile. Findings highlighted the importance of EB among adolescents and suggest taking adolescents' sociodemographic and weight characteristics into account in interventions aimed at acting on adolescents' behaviours.

Effectiveness of a socially adapted intervention in reducing social inequalities in adolescence weight. The PRALIMAP-INÈS school-based mixed trial.

BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of overweight/obesity among low socioeconomic status adolescents contributes to health inequalities. However, evidence-based interventions for reducing social inequalities in adolescent weight are lacking. We aimed to investigate whether strengthened care management for adolescents with low socioeconomic status has an equivalent effect in reducing overweight as standard care management in adolescents with high status. METHODS: PRALIMAP-INÈS was a multicentre trial including 35 state-run high and middle schools in the north-eastern France. A population-based sample of 1639 adolescents aged 13-18 years with screened and clinically confirmed overweight/obesity were proposed for inclusion and divided into two groups by the Family Affluence Scale score: advantaged (score > 5), receiving standard care management (A.S) and less-advantaged randomly assigned to two groups (1:2 ratio): standard care management (LA.S) and standard and strengthened care management (LA.S.S). Interventions were based on the proportionate universalism principle: universal standard care for all groups and proportionate care for the LA.S.S group. Main outcome was body mass index z-score (BMIz) assessed before and 1 year after inclusion. RESULTS: A total of 1419 adolescents were included and 1143 followed up at 1 year: 649 in A.S, 158 in LA.S and 336 in LA.S.S groups. BMIz decreased significantly for boys (-0.11 [95% CI, -0.13 to -0.08]; p < 0.0001) and girls (-0.05 [-0.08 to -0.03]; p < 0.0001). No equivalence between LA.S.S and A.S groups was evidenced. For girls, the trend to superiority for LA.S.S was confirmed by the more favourable change (-0.06 [-0.11 to -0.01]; p = 0.01) observed on superiority analysis, with no differential change for boys (0.02 [-0.03 to 0.08]; p = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS: A public health school-based intervention using the proportionate universalism principle may be effective in not worsening or even reducing overweight social inequalities in adolescents, especially for girls. Overcoming social barriers may help health professionals dealing with the burden and inequalities of overweight in adolescents.

Physical activity rather than sedentary behaviour is socially determined in French adolescents with overweight and obesity.

Social differences in prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents, known as the weight social gradient, could be explained by differences in behaviours between social classes. This study examined the respective association of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and weight status with adolescents' socioeconomic status. We used cross-sectional data for 1935 adolescents (13-18 years old) with overweight or obesity who participated in the PRALIMAP-INÉS (PRomotion de l'ALImentation et de l'Activité Physique - INÉgalités de Santé) trial conducted in northeastern France between 2012 and 2015. Adolescents completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for PA and SB and the Family Affluence Scale for socioeconomic status. Weight status was assessed by the body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-score. Social gradient of weight status, PA and SB were described according to the Family Affluence Scale (slopes) and evidenced by the linear trend test (p). Adolescents' socioeconomic status was positively associated with PA practice (frequency, vigorous PA and leisure-time PA), but there was no association with their SB. The results confirmed a significant weight social gradient: BMI (ß = 0.37, p < .0001) and BMI z-score (ß = 0.07, p = .0001). The weight social gradient in adolescents was mostly associated with PA (5.7% to 8.1%) rather than SB (2.7% to 5.7%). Nearly 14% of BMI z-scores could be related to a combined PA and SB effect. PA was found an important factor of weight social gradient in adolescence. Actions aimed at preventing weight social inequalities among adolescents could include PA promotion as lever. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY AND NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01688453).

Memory improvement in multiple sclerosis after an extensive cognitive rehabilitation program in groups with a multicenter double-blind randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of an extended cognitive rehabilitation program in group's sessions in multiple sclerosis. DESIGN: Double-blind multicenter randomized trial. PARTICIPANTS: People with multiple sclerosis of 18 to 60 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale ⩽6.0, mild to moderate cognitive impairment. INTERVENTIONS: They were randomized into cognitive rehabilitation program (ProCog-SEP) or in a placebo program. ProCog-SEP comprises 13 group's sessions over 6 months and includes psychoeducational advices and cognitive exercises. Placebo program included non-cognitive exercises. No strategy and no cognitive advice were provided. MAIN MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the percentage of verbal memory learning measured by the Selective Reminding Test. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment is carried out before and after interventions by a neuropsychologist blinded to intervention. Effectiveness of the ProCog-SEP versus Placebo has been verified using linear regression models. RESULTS: In total, 128 participants were randomized and 110 were included in the study after planning session in groups; 101 completed this trial (77.2% females); mean age: 46.1 years (±9.6); disease duration: 11.8 years (±7.5). ProCog-SEP was more effective in increasing in learning index (9.21 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43, 16.99); p = 0.02) and in working memory on manipulation (0.63 (95% CI: 0.17, 1.09); p = 0.01), and updating capacities (-1.1 (95% CI: -2.13, -0.06); p = 0.04). No difference was observed for other neuropsychological outcomes. Regarding quality of life outcomes, no change was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that ProCog-SEP could improve verbal learning abilities and working memory in people with multiple sclerosis. These improvements were observed with 13 group sessions over 6 months.

Impact of comorbidities and functional impairment on 5-year loss of health utility in patients with lower-limb osteoarthritis in the KHOALA cohort.

PURPOSE: To examine the respective and combined impact of "hypothetical" functional impairment (FI) and burden of comorbidities accrual on a 5-year risk of health utility (HU) loss in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Participants of the Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis Long-term Assessment (KHOALA) study with a 5-year follow-up were included. FI, number of comorbidities and HU were measured annually by the WOMAC, Functional Comorbidity Index and Short-Form 6D, respectively. We estimated the population risk of HU loss (PRD: population risk difference, PRR: population risk ratio) under hypothetical FI and comorbidities using the parametric G-formula. Then, mediation analysis investigated the causal mechanism of comorbidities on HU through FI by estimating total, direct and indirect effects. RESULTS: We examined data from 767 patients (68.8% women; 61.6 years). The estimated 5-year risk of HU loss was 47.5% [41.9; 52.2] under natural course and 24.9% [15.5; 34.2] when imposing "Patient acceptable function and No comorbidity" corresponding to a PRD = - 22.6 [- 26.5; - 21.2] and a PRR = 0.5 [0.4; 0.6]. The estimated total risk of HU loss comparing "Two comorbidities" versus "No comorbidity" was significant without mediation effect of FI: Total = 10.1% [6.8; 12.9]; direct = 8.0% [2.7; 13.1]; indirect = 2.1% [- 2.0; 5.2]. CONCLUSIONS: FI and comorbidities are important and independent determinants of HU loss in patient with OA. Half of cases (50%) of HU loss during 5 years could be avoided by preventing comorbidities (30%) and limiting FI under patient acceptable function (20%). Caregivers should additionally pay close attention to the prevention and the treatment of comorbidities in routine management of OA.

The impact of physical activity on fatigue and quality of life during and after adjuvant treatment for breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Although physical activity (PA) can alleviate fatigue and improve quality of life (QoL) in patients with breast cancer (BC), not all domains of PA may have equal impact. The objective of the current study was to examine the longitudinal impact of PA components on the evolution of fatigue and QoL during and after adjuvant treatment for BC. METHODS: The women included in the study were participants in the 2-year longitudinal FATSEIN ("Fatigue dans le cancer du Sein") study. Fatigue and QoL were measured using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 30-item QoL questionnaire, respectively. Group-based trajectory analysis was used to determine patterns of PA evolution (frequency, duration, and intensity). Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between PA patterns and fatigue and QoL were analyzed by using multivariable linear regression and a mixed model. RESULTS: Among the 424 women who were included (mean ± standard deviation age, 57.1 ± 10.4 years), 2 trajectories were identified for each of the 3 PA components: low and insufficient frequency (51.2%) or regular and moderate frequency (48.8%), low and insufficient duration (47.6%) or regular and moderate duration (52.4%), and low intensity (47.2%) or low to moderate intensity (52.8%). Overall, during treatment, fatigue was increased and QoL was decreased, and the reverse was observed after treatment. During treatment, increased fatigue and decreased QoL were limited by regular PA frequency (ß = -8.71 for total fatigue; ß = 14.59 for emotional function), but the results were less significant after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: PA, especially its frequency, is an important determinant of fatigue and QoL during adjuvant treatment for BC. The promotion of regular PA among women who are receiving treatment for BC may be an effective way to reduce fatigue and improve QoL. Cancer 2018;124:797-806. © 2017 American Cancer Society.

Measuring adolescents' weight socioeconomic gradient using parental socioeconomic position.

Background: There is an evidence of social inequalities in weight status in adolescence but the diversity of family socioeconomic status (SES) indicators can lead to discrepant findings. We aimed to identify how combination of family SES indicators can help measuring weight socioeconomic gradient (WSG) among adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 2113 adolescents (13-18 years old) of the PRALIMAP-INÈS trial were used. Multiple SES indicators and assessment of weight status including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and self-perception of overweight were used. We used principal component analysis (PCA) followed by structural equation models to identify SES dimensions. A dimension normalized score was calculated ranging from 1 to 10 (a high score corresponding to high SES). Linear regression models (linear trend test) were used to assess the WSG. Results: Three SES dimensions were identified: (i) 'Family social status', (ii) 'Family education level' and (iii) 'Family income level'. BMI was significantly lower in highly advantaged compared with highly less advantaged [-1.64 (-2.39; -0.89) for family social dimension, -0.86 (-1.37; -0.36) for family education level and -2.35 (-3.65; -1.05) for family income level]. Similar results were observed for all weight indicators excepted for self-perception of overweight status. Socially less advantaged adolescents perceived themselves less fat than they were. Conclusion: Although WSG was evident in adolescence, association between SES and weight status differed according to objective or perceived weight indicators. The proposed SES dimension can be applied in other field and future studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Nephrectomy Complication Is a Risk Factor of Clinically Meaningful Decrease in Health Utility among Living Kidney Donors.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinically relevant change in health state utility (HSU) in living kidney donors and whether this change value is constant across measures and clinical conditions and is useful for health economics studies. We aimed to 1) measure the change in the HSU score for living kidney donors from before donation to 3 months after donation and 2) estimate the minimal important decrease (MIDe) in the HSU score for living kidney donors and its associated clinical factors. METHODS: Data from a prospective multicenter observational study measuring quality of life of kidney donors by the three-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) and the six-dimensional health state short form (SF-6D) before donation and at 3 months after donation provided HSU scores. Two methods were used to derive the MIDe: the anchor-based method and the distribution-based (standard error of measurement) method. Logistic regression was used to identify clinical factors associated with the MIDe after donation. RESULTS: In total, 228 and 216 donors completed the EQ-5D-3L and the SF-6D, respectively. Mean HSU scores were 0.932 and 0.823 before donation and 0.895 and 0.764 at 3 months after donation. HSU scores were significantly decreased at 3 months, and 18.5% of donors rated their global health as "somewhat worse." By the EQ-5D-3L and the SF-6D, the MIDe was estimated at -0.113 and -0.116 with the anchor-based method and -0.075 and -0.077 with the distribution-based method. Risk of decreased HSU score was significantly associated with clinical complications but only marginally with surgical technique. CONCLUSIONS: A short-term clinically relevant decrease in HSU was significantly associated with clinical complications in kidney donors. Preventing perioperative complications is of prime importance in kidney donation.

Association of socioeconomic, school-related and family factors and physical activity and sedentary behaviour among adolescents: multilevel analysis of the PRALIMAP trial inclusion data.

BACKGROUND: Social differences among adolescents in physical activity and sedentary behaviour have been identified but are not well explained. The current study aimed to identify socioeconomic, family and school-related associated factors with physical activity and sedentary behaviour among high-school adolescents. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of T0 physical activity and sedentary behaviour of 2523 students 14 - 18 years old recruited for the PRALIMAP trial from 24 French state-run high schools. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire at the start of grade 10. Adolescents completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for physical activity and sedentary behaviour and an ad hoc questionnaire for active commuting and sport participation. Statistical analyses involved linear and logistic regressions. RESULTS: Socioeconomic, family or school variables were associated with levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour for both boys and girls, but no factor, except perceived parental physical activity level, was associated with total energy expenditure (total physical activity) for either gender. Adolescents with privileged and less privileged socioeconomic status reported the same total amount of energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS: Total physical activity score alone is not sufficient to assess the physical activity of adolescents. These findings may have implications for better understanding of social inequalities in this context and recommendations to prevent overweight. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT00814554 ). The date of registration: 23 December 2008. Registration was not required at the time of the start of PRALIMAP for public health and prevention programmes and trials.

10-year cumulative and bidirectional associations of domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviour with health-related quality of life in French adults: Results from the SU.VI.MAX studies.

BACKGROUND: The directionality of the associations of domain-specific physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults remain insufficiently known. This study investigated the longitudinal associations of 10-year cumulative levels of PA and SB with HRQoL and the reverse associations. METHODS: A sample of 2093 (47.8% men) participants from a cohort of French adult (SU.VI.MAX) was included. Data were collected at 3 time points (1998, 2001 and 2007) using the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ) for PA (leisure-time and occupational) and SB (screen-viewing, reading and total sitting time) and the DUKE Health Profile for HRQoL. The cumulative level (from 0 to 3) referred to the number of time points where a high PA level, high SB or good HRQoL was reported. Regression models examined the 10-year cumulative level of PA, SB as predictors of HRQoL and reverse associations. RESULTS: The 10-year cumulative level of high PA, both leisure-time and occupational, predicted a higher HRQoL while the 10-year cumulative level of high screen-viewing time and high total sitting time was associated with lower HRQoL. For the reverse association, cumulative level of good HRQoL predicted more leisure-time PA, less screen-viewing time and less total sitting time but was not related to occupational PA. CONCLUSION: Relationships between PA, SB and HRQoL are complex and should not be oversimplified in one or the other direction. Taking into account domain-specific PA and SB in health promotion programs appears of prime importance to design interventions aiming at improving HRQoL.

Cumulative and bidirectional association of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with health-related quality of life in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The directionality of the association of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remains unknown in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the association of 2-year cumulative level of PA and SB with HRQoL and the reverse association. METHODS: We included 1445 adolescents in France from a 2-year longitudinal study with three follow-up times (PRALIMAP trial). At each follow-up, adolescents completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for PA and SB and the Duke Health Profile for HRQoL. Statistical analyses involved linear and logistic regressions adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS: The cumulative number of times an adolescent achieved the PA recommendations during the 2 years was associated with better physical, mental, social and general HRQoL (p for trend < 0.0001). In contrast, high SB predicted low HRQoL for most dimensions except social HRQoL (p = 0.12). Combining PA and SB, the effect of recommended PA on HRQoL was offset in part by high SB. In the reverse association, high HRQoL predicted high PA (overall, vigorous, moderate and recommended PA), but was not associated with SB. CONCLUSIONS: The association between PA and HRQoL was cumulative and bidirectional among adolescents, whereas low HRQoL seemed to be a consequence of high SB rather than a cause (cumulative but not bidirectional). Promoting recommended PA and low SB may help improve HRQoL among adolescents, with a possible virtuous cycle with regard to PA.

Patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the general population in France: cluster analysis with personal and socioeconomic correlates.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have focused on relating physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) to identify homogeneous groups. This study aimed to identify patterns of PA and SB in France general population and their correlates. METHODS: A sample of 3294 (mean age 44 ± 17 years) from the general population in France was included. PA and SB were assessed by the World Health Organization Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Cluster analysis was used to identify PA and SB patterns, with polytomous logistic regression to identify their correlates. RESULTS: Five clusters were identified: (i) 'low total PA, active-transportation and low SB' (41%), (ii) 'low total PA and moderate SB' (22%), (iii) 'low total PA, leisure-time PA and high SB' (15%), (iv) 'high total PA, moderate occupational PA and moderate SB' (17%) and (v) 'high total PA, vigorous occupational PA and low SB' (5%). Occupational PA substantially contributed to total PA which depended on socioeconomic status (SES): low total PA and high SB in higher SES and high total PA and low SB in lower SES. CONCLUSIONS: Based on PA and SB, French adults were clustered into groups with socioeconomic differences emphasizing that adapted interventions may be more beneficial for health.

[Participation of overweight and socially disadvantaged adolescents in an intervention to promote physical activity in school]. / Participation d'adolescents en surpoids de milieu défavorisé à une intervention de promotion de l'activité physique à l'école.

Initial participation in PRALIMAP-INÉS group activities was high among disadvantaged teenagers with financial difficulties, but it was more difficult to maintain their participation throughout the programme. Identification of factors that can maintain participation is a major challenge for continuity of the programme..

Evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of an adapted fencing intervention in breast cancer surgery post-operative care: the RIPOSTE pilot randomized trial.

Background: Adapted physical activity programs have shown promising results in reducing the physical, social and psychological side effects associated with breast cancer, but the extent to which they can be effectively adopted, implemented and maintained is unclear. The aim of this study is to use the framework to guide the planning and evaluation of programs according to the 5 following keys: Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to evaluate a fencing program under the French acronym RIPOSTE (Reconstruction, Image de soi, Posture, Oncologie, Santé, Thérapie, Escrime) literally in English (Reconstruction, Self-Image, Posture, Oncology, Health, Therapy, Fencing). This program is an innovative intervention focused on improving the quality of life (QoL) of breast cancer surgery patients through fencing. Methods: A convergent mixed methods pilot study was conducted to preliminary evaluate the different RE-AIM dimension of the pilot program. Twenty-four participants who have just undergone surgery for invasive breast cancer were randomly allocated in two groups: one group started immediately after their inclusion (Early RIPOSTE group) and the other started 3 months following their inclusion (Delayed RIPOSTE group). Participants answered a questionnaire at inclusion and at the end of the program on QoL, shoulder functional capacity, fatigue, anxiety-depression and physical activity. Results: RIPOSTE program was able to reach mainly young and dynamic participants, attracted by the originality of fencing and keen to improve their physical condition. Regarding effectiveness, our results suggest a trend to the improvement of QoL, shoulder functional capacity, fatigue and anxiety-depression state, even without any significant differences between the Early RIPOSTE group and the Delayed RIPOSTE group. Discussions: The cooperation, exchanges and cohesion within the group greatly facilitated the adoption of the program, whereas interruptions during school vacations were the main barriers. The intervention was moderately well implemented and adherence to the protocol was suitable. Conclusion: RIPOSTE is an acceptable and effective program for involving breast cancer survivors in physical activity, that needs to be tested at a larger scale to investigate its effectiveness, but has the potential to be transferred and scaled up worldwide.

Anterior dislocation of the shoulder associated with a diaphyseal fracture of the ipsilateral humerus: a case report.

Background: Anterior dislocation of the shoulder associated with a diaphyseal fracture of the ipsilateral humerus is a rare and controversial occurrence, with very few cases reported in the literature. Case presentation: We present a case of a 39-year-old right-handed driver who presented with an anterior dislocation of the shoulder associated with a diaphyseal fracture of the ipsilateral humerus following a road traffic accident. The lateral approach to the fracture allowed us to use two forceps to gain a good grip on the proximal fragment and perform the maneuver to reduce the dislocation. The fracture was reduced and fixed with a molded Lecestre-type plate. Conclusion: In this case, we employed the approach of initially reducing the shoulder dislocation with forceps, followed by osteosynthesis of the humeral fracture. The functional results were excellent after 6 months.

Search for dark matter annihilations in the sun with the 79-string IceCube detector.

We have performed a search for muon neutrinos from dark matter annihilation in the center of the Sun with the 79-string configuration of the IceCube neutrino telescope. For the first time, the DeepCore subarray is included in the analysis, lowering the energy threshold and extending the search to the austral summer. The 317 days of data collected between June 2010 and May 2011 are consistent with the expected background from atmospheric muons and neutrinos. Upper limits are set on the dark matter annihilation rate, with conversions to limits on spin-dependent and spin-independent scattering cross sections of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) on protons, for WIMP masses in the range 20-5000 GeV/c2. These are the most stringent spin-dependent WIMP-proton cross section limits to date above 35 GeV/c2 for most WIMP models.

Measurement of atmospheric neutrino oscillations with IceCube.

We present the first statistically significant detection of neutrino oscillations in the high-energy regime (>20 GeV) from an analysis of IceCube Neutrino Observatory data collected in 2010 and 2011. This measurement is made possible by the low-energy threshold of the DeepCore detector (~20 GeV) and benefits from the use of the IceCube detector as a veto against cosmic-ray-induced muon background. The oscillation signal was detected within a low-energy muon neutrino sample (20-100 GeV) extracted from data collected by DeepCore. A high-energy muon neutrino sample (100 GeV-10 TeV) was extracted from IceCube data to constrain systematic uncertainties. The disappearance of low-energy upward-going muon neutrinos was observed, and the nonoscillation hypothesis is rejected with more than 5σ significance. In a two-neutrino flavor formalism, our data are best described by the atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters |Δm(32)(2)|=(2.3(-0.5)(+0.6))×10(-3) eV(2) and sin(2)(2θ(23))>0.93, and maximum mixing is favored.

First observation of PeV-energy neutrinos with IceCube.

We report on the observation of two neutrino-induced events which have an estimated deposited energy in the IceCube detector of 1.04±0.16 and 1.14±0.17 PeV, respectively, the highest neutrino energies observed so far. These events are consistent with fully contained particle showers induced by neutral-current ν(e,µ,τ) (ν(e,µ,τ)) or charged-current ν(e) (ν(e)) interactions within the IceCube detector. The events were discovered in a search for ultrahigh energy neutrinos using data corresponding to 615.9 days effective live time. The expected number of atmospheric background is 0.082±0.004(stat)(-0.057)(+0.041)(syst). The probability of observing two or more candidate events under the atmospheric background-only hypothesis is 2.9×10(-3) (2.8σ) taking into account the uncertainty on the expected number of background events. These two events could be a first indication of an astrophysical neutrino flux; the moderate significance, however, does not permit a definitive conclusion at this time.

Measurement of the atmospheric νe flux in IceCube.

We report the first measurement of the atmospheric electron neutrino flux in the energy range between approximately 80 GeV and 6 TeV, using data recorded during the first year of operation of IceCube's DeepCore low-energy extension. Techniques to identify neutrinos interacting within the DeepCore volume and veto muons originating outside the detector are demonstrated. A sample of 1029 events is observed in 281 days of data, of which 496±66(stat)±88(syst) are estimated to be cascade events, including both electron neutrino and neutral current events. The rest of the sample includes residual backgrounds due to atmospheric muons and charged current interactions of atmospheric muon neutrinos. The flux of the atmospheric electron neutrinos is consistent with models of atmospheric neutrinos in this energy range. This constitutes the first observation of electron neutrinos and neutral current interactions in a very large volume neutrino telescope optimized for the TeV energy range.