E-Health: Security, Privacy, and Ethics Requirements from a National Perspective in I. R. Iran.

This paper explores the security, privacy, and ethical implications of e-health data in Iran's healthcare network. A framework is proposed to ensure security and privacy in electronic health information processing across various institutions. The framework addresses aspects such as software/hardware, communication networks, patient safety, privacy, confidentiality, online health service regulations, commercial and judicial exploitation, and education/research. The study categorizes these requirements into seven main categories to safeguard health-oriented service recipients' security and privacy.

Development and Implementation of an Integrated Standard e-Prescription Model in Alignment with Iranian National EHR.

The implementation of an Electronic Prescribing (EP) system offers numerous advantages in enhancing the efficiency of prescribing practices. To ensure successful implementation, a comprehensive understanding of the workflow in paper-based prescribing is crucial. In Iran, the Ministry of Health, and Medical Education (MOHME) has been actively involved in developing an EP system since 2011. The pilot results within MOHME have garnered significant support from all basic insurance organizations, primarily due to the importance of addressing financial considerations. As a result, these insurance organizations have taken the lead in the national development of the EP system, as responsibilities have shifted. The development of an Integrated Care Electronic Health Record (ICEHR or EHR) and the approach adopted by MOHME have paved the way for the creation of a standardized set of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) based on openEHR and ISO13606 standards. These APIs facilitate the secure transfer of consolidated data from the EP systems, stored in the data warehouses of basic insurance organizations, to the Iranian EHR. This model follows an ICEHR architecture that emphasizes the transmission of this information to the Iranian EHR. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the various aspects and accomplishments related to these developments.

An In-Depth Exploration of Mapping openEHR and PGHD: A Case Study on Fitbit-Generated Data.

In recent years, the adoption of wearable gadgets such as Fitbit has revolutionized the way individuals track and monitor their personal activity data. These devices provide valuable in-sights into an individual's physical activity levels, sleep patterns, and overall health metrics. Integrating this data into healthcare informatics systems can offer significant benefits in terms of personalized healthcare delivery and improved patient outcomes. This paper explores the synergistic integration of Fitbit-generated personal activity data using the openEHR Reference Model in healthcare informatics as a practical case study in patient-generated health data (PGHD) integration based on health informatics standards as a framework for the representation and exchange of Electronic Health Records (EHRs). The synergistic integration of Fitbit-generated personal activity data through openEHR and FHIR standards models also covers the way for advanced analytics and population health management. By linking and analyzing data from various sources, including sensors and wearable devices, healthcare organizations can identify trends, patterns, and insights that can guide population health strategies, preventive care initiatives, and personalized treatment plans, in addition to aiding physicians in follow-up care.

Synergies Among Health Data Projects with Cancer Use Cases Based on Health Standards.

We are creating a synergy among European Health Data Space projects (e.g., IDERHA, EUCAIM, ASCAPE, iHELP, Bigpicture, and HealthData@EU pilot project) via health standards usage thanks to the HSBOOSTER EU Project since they are involved or using standards, and/or designing health ontologies. We compare health-standardized models/ontologies/terminologies such as HL7 FHIR, DICOM, OMOP, ISO TC 215 Health Informatics, W3C DCAT, etc. used in those projects.

Perform the Regulatory Process: A National Approach for Evaluation of the Pre-Hospital Emergency Information System in I.R. Iran.

Evaluation of Emergency Medical Services Management Information System (EMSIS) makes it possible to assess the extent to which the objectives of supporting of healthcare delivery services. This paper presents an overview of the regulatory process in prehospital EMS electronic data registration and provides a minimum data set for the purpose of developing such a care system on a national scale. It further offers an evaluation framework for such systems.

Discovering Rules from a National Exam Repository: A Use Case for Data Analysis from Iranian Medical Schools Entry Exam.

Many methods have been studied to analyze and interpret patterns and relationships that are embedded in the database to discover new knowledge in educational systems. Association rule mining is a type of data mining that identifies relationships among elements of the dataset. However, because these methods often generate various rules including non-significant ones, it is important to identify the most useful rules. Therefore, evaluating and ranking rules has become a topic of interest in the decision-making process in order to represent the level of usefulness of rules. We incorporated Apriori and Eclat algorithms on an educational dataset of a national medical exam in Iran. The aim of this study is to identify the usefulness of the extracted rules. This method can reliably discover new knowledge by interpreting the prioritized rules. The results show that those who have Scored in the highest category, i.e. [407,493], are accepted and who have scored in the lowest category, i.e. [150,236), are not accepted in the exam regardless of others features. Although, the rules that implication Accept=0 occurs, find out with high confidence, due to a large number of samples in this case. The ranking rules show this method is effective in the identification of insignificant rules that have no effect on decision making.

Toward an Agile System: Iranian Information System for Covid-19-Affected Patients Data Collection from Iranian Hospitals.

COVID-19's rapid spreads has caused a global pandemic. On 19th February 2020, Iran reported its first confirmed cases of infections in Qom City and the number of diagnosed cases and the death toll rose exponentially in March [1-3]. Managing the disease, which is considered a pandemic according to the World Health Organization (WHO) [4], requires definite approaches differing according to various factors in each country, which may also lead to (in)effective dealing with the disease. In addition, using international data and information, and WHO advice, especially in the crisis and therapeutic procedures, is one of the best crisis management strategies [5]. For every plan by governances, the first step is collecting information on epidemic distribution for the purpose of isolating provinces and cities at a national scale. Thus, Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran (MOHME) attempted to collect the minimum required data on the infection-affected patients based on medical records and epidemiological factors, such as demographic data (gender, age and national code), exposure history (close contact with the infected, suspect patients or even having traveled) and signs and symptoms (fever, cough, shortness or difficulties in breathing, fatigue, anorexia, hemoptysis, sputum production, dyspnea, Myalgia, Pharyngalgia, nausea, vomiting, Diarrhea, Headache, Abdominal pain, Dizziness, etc.). Therefore, to ensure accuracy and validity, and to speed up data collection in an area, Information Technology (IT) tools were required [6]. In this regard, developing an information system with a simple format and user-friendly interface in the shortest possible time was the aim. This study presents the local information system developed in March 2020, which has been registering hospitalized Covide-19-affected patients in Iranian hospitals up till now. In other words, this paper introduces features and procedures of one of the national systems as a health registry that includes clinical information on admitted Covid-19 patients in Iranian hospitals from admission to discharge or death. This system is supported by MOHME, and along with outpatient Point of Care Information Systems (POCS), feeds the national and international pandemic reports and decisions.

Advantages of a Web-Based Real-Time Bed-Management System for Hospital Admission Monitoring in Iran.

Lack of up-to-date information of hospitals beds, specifically in emergencies, is a significant problem in many large countries; The Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran (MOHME) designed and implemented a dynamic system that reports the status of beds in 2012. This system created great opportunities for national bed management, including real-time hospital admission monitoring, especially for emergency departments, ICUs and CCUs. Therefore, an additional online system was planned to be implemented for monitoring hospital admissions, including a national alert system. Prior to the design of this system, a study was done using literature study and expert opinion to investigate the advantages and features that this monitoring system was required to have. We used the MoSCoW method to prioritize the requirements of the system. This system was designed to have the following advantages, among other things: the hospitals as well as government should be able to track the patients, manage patient distribution in healthcare centers, and make policy for supplying extra beds. It should also be possible for the hospitals executive board, as well as the government, to monitor the performance of the hospitals regarding patient admissions (i.e., the rate of rejection of patients with severe conditions).