RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life (QOL) and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 385 patients followed-up on an outpatient basis. Interviews were conducted using the Sociodemographic, Epidemiological and Clinical Form, the World Health Organization's Quality of Life in PLWH Instrument, the Assessment of Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. The odds ratio and confidence interval were calculated, considering P < 0.05 as statistically significant. Of the 385 PLWH, 134 (34.8%) had unsatisfactory QOL which was associated with unemployment (P = 0.0037), monthly income less than the minimum wage (P < 0.0001), sleep disorders (P = 0.0039) and not doing regular exercise (P = 0.0032). Inadequate adherence to ART occurred in 24 patients (6.23%) and was associated with detectable viral load (P = 0.0001) and unsatisfactory QOL (P = 0.0033). QOL was more unsatisfactory for those unemployed and with low income, sleep disorders and sedentary lifestyle. People with detectable viral load and unsatisfactory QOL had more inadequate adherence to ART.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Humanos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Qualidade de Vida , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Adesão à Medicação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/complicaçõesRESUMO
The objectives were to assess the self-efficacy and consistent condom use by people living with HIV (PLHIV). A cross-sectional, comparative study was carried out in outpatient clinics in Ceará State, Brazil, with a sample of 190 PLHIV, 95 serodiscordant and 95 seroconcordant. Interviews were conducted using the Socio-Demographic, Clinical, Epidemiological and Vulnerability Form and the Condom Use Self-Efficacy Scale. Descriptive analysis, associations between variables, odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were determined. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of the sample, 43.1% consistently used condoms (50.5% serodiscordant and 35.7% seroconcordant). Serodiscordant PLHIV without guidance on HIV prevention (P = 0.027) and without access to testing (P = 0.002) had lower self-efficacy and 11.5 times more chances for inconsistent condom use (P = 0.006), while those satisfied with follow-up in health were less likely to use condoms inconsistently (P = 0.011). We conclude that there is low consistent use of condoms among PLHIV, which increases the risk of HIV transmission and the acquisition of other sexually transmitted infections. Consistent condom use was greater among serodiscordant individuals, although there was no difference in self-efficacy in condom use between the groups.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Advance care planning in dementia includes supporting the person and their family to consider important goals of care. International research reports the importance of psycho-social-spiritual aspects towards end of life. AIM: To develop a multidimensional international palliative care goals model in dementia for use in practice. DESIGN: International Delphi study integrating consensus and evidence from a meta-qualitative study. The Delphi panel rated statements about the model on a 5-point agreement scale. The criteria for consensus were pre-specified. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Seventeen researchers from eight countries developed an initial model, and 169 candidate panellists were invited to the international online Delphi study. RESULTS: Panellists (107; response 63.3%) resided in 33 countries. The model comprised four main care goals: (1) Comfort ensured; (2) Control over function maintained; (3) Identity protected and personhood respected and (4) Coping with grief and loss-person and caregiver supported. The model reflects how needs and care goals change over time with the progression of dementia, concluding with bereavement support. The first version of the model achieved a consensus after which it was slightly refined based on feedback. We did not achieve a consensus on adding a goal of life prolongation, and on use of the model by people with dementia and family themselves. CONCLUSION: A new palliative care goals model for people with dementia and their families includes relationship aspects for use by professionals and achieved a consensus among a panel with diverse cultural background. The position of life prolongation in relation to palliative care goals needs further research.
Assuntos
Planejamento Antecipado de Cuidados , Demência , Humanos , Cuidados Paliativos , Consenso , Objetivos , Técnica DelphiRESUMO
Creatine is consumed by athletes to increase strength and gain muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of creatine supplementation on maximal strength and strength endurance. Twelve strength-trained men (25.2 ± 3.4 years) supplemented with 20 g Creatina + 10g maltodextrin or placebo (20g starch + 10g maltodextrin) for five days in randomized order. Maximal strength and strength endurance (4 sets 70% 1RM until concentric failure) were determined in the bench press. In addition, blood lactate, rate of perceived effort, fatigue index, and mood state were evaluated. All measurements were performed before and after the supplementation period. There were no significant changing in maximal strength, blood lactate, RPE, fatigue index, and mood state in either treatment. However, the creatine group performed more repetitions after the supplementation (Cr: Δ = +3.4 reps, p = 0.036, g = 0.53; PLA: Δ = +0.3reps, p = 0.414, g = 0.06), and higher total work (Cr: Δ = +199.5au, p = 0.038, g = 0.52; PLA: Δ = +26.7au, p = 0.402, g = 0.07). Creatine loading for five days allowed the subjects to perform more repetitions, resulting in greater total work, but failed to change the maximum strength.
Assuntos
Creatina , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácido Láctico , Força Muscular , Resistência Física , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Creatina/administração & dosagem , Creatina/farmacologia , Creatina/sangue , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Resistência Física/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência Física/fisiologia , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Adulto Jovem , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Fadiga Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fadiga Muscular/fisiologia , Método Duplo-CegoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on physical performance, neuromuscular and metabolic responses during CrossFit® exercise. Seventeen Advanced CrossFit®-trained athletes completed the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover protocol consisting of four visits, including two familiarization sessions and two experimental trials separated by a 7-day washout period. Participants supplemented 0.3 g/kg body mass (BM) of SB or placebo 120-min prior to performing the CrossFit® benchmark Fran followed by 500 m of rowing. SB improved time to complete Fran compared to PLA (291.2 ± 71.1 vs. 303.3 ± 77.8 s, p = 0.047), but not 500 m rowing (112.1 s ± 7.9 vs. 113.2 s ± 8.9 s, p = 0.26). No substantial side-effects were reported during the trials. This study showed that SB improved CrossFit® benchmark Fran performance, but not subsequent 500-m rowing. These data suggest that SB might be an interesting supplementation strategy for CrossFit® athletes.
RESUMO
Background: Nutritional knowledge is one of the factors that can lead to adopting healthy eating habits and, consequently, favoring sports performance. Aim: The study aimed to assess the nutritional knowledge and its subsections general and sports nutritional knowledge of recreational athletes. Methods: A validated, translated, and adapted 35-item questionnaire was used to assess total (TNK), general-GNK (11 questions), and sports-SNK (24 questions) nutritional knowledge. The Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (ANSKQ) was provided online using Google Forms. Four hundred and nine recreational athletes (male: 173, female: 236, age = 32.4 ± 9.6 years) completed the questionnaire. Results: The mean TNK (50.7%) and GNK (62.7%) scores were classified as "average" and higher than SNK (45.2%), which was classified as "poor." Male participants had SNK and TNK scores higher than females, but not for GNK. The youngest participants (18-24 years) had TNK, SNK, and GNK scores higher than other age groups (p < 0.05). Participants who reported previous nutritional appointments with a nutritionist had higher TNK, SNK, and GNK scores than those without it (p < 0.05). Those with "advanced" formal nutrition education (university students, graduate, or postgraduate in Nutrition) scored higher than those of groups "none" and "intermediate," for TNK (advanced = 69.9%, intermediate = 52.9%, and none = 45.0%, p < 0.0001), GNK (advanced = 74.7%, intermediate = 63.8%, and none = 59.2%, p < 0.0001), and SNK, (advanced = 67.5%, intermediate = 48.0%, and none = 38.5%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Results suggest a lack of nutritional knowledge in recreational athletes, mainly those without an appointment with a registered nutritionist and formal nutritional education.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Research on the nature of a "good death" has mostly focused on dying with cancer and other life-limiting diseases, but less so on dementia. Conceptualizing common cross-cultural themes regarding a good end of life in dementia will enable developing international care models. METHODS: We combined published qualitative studies about end of life with dementia, focus group and individual interviews with the researchers, and video-conferencing and continuous email discussions. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed thematically, and the researchers developed common themes referring to their original studies. RESULTS: Fourteen qualitative researchers representing 14 cross-cultural studies covering qualitative data of 121 people with dementia and 292 family caregivers. The researchers and data were from eight countries UK, The Netherlands, Japan, Portugal, Germany, Canada, Brazil, and Ireland. Three focus groups, five individual interviews, and video-conferencing were conducted and feedback on multiple iterations was gained by 190 emails between May 2019 and April 2020 until consensus was achieved. Nine cross-culturally common themes emerged from the discussions and shared interpretation of the data of persons with dementia and family caregivers. Three represent basic needs: "Pain and Symptoms Controlled," "Being Provided Basic Care," and "A Place like Home." Other themes were "Having Preferences Met," "Receiving Respect as a Person," "Care for Caregivers," "Identity Being Preserved," "Being Connected," and "Satisfaction with Life and Spiritual Well-being." "Care for Caregivers" showed the greatest difference in emphasis across cultures. Good relationships were essential in all themes. CONCLUSIONS: The common cross-cultural themes comprise a framework underpinned by value placed on personhood and dignity, emphasizing that interdependency through relationships is essential to promote a good end of life with dementia. These themes and valuing the importance of relationships as central to connecting the themes could support care planning and further development of a dementia palliative care model. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine Kyoto University (R1924-1).
Assuntos
Demência , Assistência Terminal , Cuidadores , Formação de Conceito , Comparação Transcultural , Morte , Demência/terapia , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Assistência Terminal/métodosRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Cristina-Souza, G, Santos-Mariano, AC, Lima-Silva, AE, Costa, PL, Domingos, PR, Silva, SF, Abreu, WC, De-Oliveira, FR, and Osiecki, R. Panax Ginseng supplementation increases muscle recruitment, attenuates perceived effort, and accelerates muscle force recovery after an eccentric-based exercise in athletes. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 991-997, 2022-The effect of Panax ginseng during and after an eccentric-based exercise is underexplored. In this study, we investigated the effect of Panax ginseng on muscle force and muscle excitation during an eccentric-based exercise and on subsequent muscle damage and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 10 male track and field athletes consumed Panax ginseng or placebo for 8 days. At the fifth day, they performed 4 sets until concentric failure of a half-squat exercise, with eccentric action increased by using an eccentric-inductor device attached to their knees. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and vastus lateralis electromyographic (EMG) activity was measured during the half-squat. Plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) concentrations, DOMS, and maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MIVCs) with EMG recording were measured at 24, 48, and 72 hours after the half-squat. Panax ginseng attenuated RPE and increased EMG during the sets. The MIVC remained reduced 48 hours after exercise in the placebo but returned to baseline 24 hours after exercise in the Panax ginseng, with values at 24 and 48 hours after exercise significantly higher in the Panax ginseng than in the placebo. The EMG during MIVC was higher in the Panax ginseng than in the placebo over the time points. No significant effect of Panax ginseng on LDH, CK, and DOMS was observed. These findings suggest that Panax ginseng increases muscle excitation and attenuates perceived effort during an eccentric-based exercise as well as accelerates the recovery of muscle force in well-trained athletes.
Assuntos
Panax , Atletas , Suplementos Nutricionais , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Mialgia/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Objective: To examine factors associated with birth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among women who had preterm birth in their last pregnancy in Turkey.Methods: 304 women were asked to report sociodemographic factors, perinatal factors, birth-related factors, preterm birth/premature infant characteristics, and social support factors and PTSD symptoms. Data were collected using online surveys between November 2020 and February 2021. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was used. Results: The prevalence of birth-related PTSD symptoms following preterm birth was 71.1%. Older age, the woman being positively affected by her own mother's birth experience, not having traumatic experience in pregnancy and in the postnatal period, lower stress level after traumatic events experienced during birth, not feeling that their life/physical integrity was at risk during birth, having amniotomy, feeling psychologically well after childbirth, not being negatively affected by witnessing other parents' happy moments with their babies in friend/family groups, the absence of infant illness and mother's reporting higher positive interactions with healthcare team were associated with decreased likelihood of birth-related PTSD. Except for age and traumatic event in the postnatal period, all the variables explained 43% of the variance with a small effect size (f 2 = 0.04). Stress level after the traumatic events experienced during labor was the strongest predictor of birth-related PTSD symptoms (ß = 0.33). Conclusion: Wellbeing of mother and baby, facilitating interventions at labor, and positive communication with the healthcare team was associated with lower birth-related PTSD symptoms. The study findings highlighted on birth-related PTSD symptoms in mothers of preterm infants in Turkey.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Family caregivers play an important role supporting their relatives with advanced progressive disease to live at home. There is limited research to understand family caregiver needs over time, particularly outside of high-income settings. The aim of this study was to explore family caregivers' experiences of caring for a relative living with advanced progressive disease at home, and their perceptions of met and unmet care needs over time. METHODS: An ethnographic study comprising observations and interviews. A purposive sample of 10 family caregivers and 10 relatives was recruited within a rural area in the north of Portugal. Data were collected between 2014 and 16 using serial participant observations (n = 33) and in-depth interviews (n = 11). Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Five overarching themes were yielded: (1) provision of care towards independence and prevention of complications; (2) perceived and (3) unknown caregiver needs; (4) caregivers' physical and emotional impairments; and (5) balancing limited time. An imbalance towards any one of these aspects may lead to reduced capability and performance of the family caregiver, with increased risk of complications for their relative. However, with balance, family caregivers embraced their role over time. CONCLUSIONS: These findings enhance understanding around the needs of family caregivers, which are optimally met when professionals and family caregivers work together with a collaborative approach over time. Patients and their families should be seen as equal partners. Family-focused care would enhance nursing practice in this context and this research can inform nursing training and educational programs.
Assuntos
Cuidadores/psicologia , Progressão da Doença , Avaliação das Necessidades/tendências , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Adaptação Psicológica , Adulto , Antropologia Cultural/métodos , Cuidadores/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Portugal , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Family caregivers' empowerment can assume strategic importance in palliative care. Healthcare professionals and volunteers have been showing significant gaps in this field. Hence, education has been advocated as an effective strategy to fill this gap. While several educational initiatives exist, a comprehensive evidence synthesis on the effectiveness of educational training on healthcare professionals and volunteers is lacking. AIMS: An integrative review was conducted to explore worldwide initiatives, aiming to improve healthcare professionals and volunteers' competence in a palliative care setting especially in relation to the family caregiver. METHOD: A scoping literature review was conducted with systematic searches in multiple databases - REDALYC, CINAHL, SCIELO, EBSCO, ERIC and MEDLINE since January 2012. Studies were selected based on programmes content and its impact evaluation. Four researchers assessed the studies regarding their eligibility with reference to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. FINDINGS: Twenty-two studies met the eligibility criteria. Multi-professional learning was reported, emphasising nurses and physician's enrolment. Only few studies showed participants' learning outcomes. Inconsistencies in delivery mode and duration were identified. Impact evaluations were heterogeneous and relied on no validated instruments. Family caregiver's content was addressed only in three initiatives. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed using a more reliable design, mode of delivery and impact measurement of educational training. In addition, more initiatives associated with cost-effectiveness, shorter- and longer-term clinical impact are needed. Despite the strides already made towards the establishment of an evidence base for healthcare professionals in the field of palliative care, either greater consideration is required for family care providers in the education of healthcare professionals and respect for the cultural diversity.
Assuntos
Cuidadores/educação , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Enfermagem de Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/educação , Enfermagem de Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/normas , Cuidados Paliativos/normas , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Voluntários/educação , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Sprouted and fermented foods have shown hypoglycemic effects on humans and animals, by reducing concentrations of soluble carbohydrates, and increasing dietary fiber and resistant starch content. In this study, diets with high levels of simple carbohydrates supplemented with toasted quinoa flour, sprouted and toasted quinoa flour, fermented and toasted quinoa flour or sprouted/fermented and toasted quinoa flour were given to Wistar rats. During the experiment, the glycemic index (GI) of the diets were measure and, at the end of 47 days of feeding, the effects of the diets on physical and biochemical parameters of the animals were evaluated. Results indicated that the processes of sprouting and/or fermentation potentiate the ability of quinoa to reduce GI of diets with high levels of simple carbohydrates. Moreover, food intake, blood glucose and lipid levels, and accumulation of epididymal adipose tissue were reduced in rats fed diets supplemented with quinoa. These effects may be due to the nutritional composition of the supplemented diets, besides the chemical changes promoted by processing quinoa. These results are particularly relevant once sprouted and fermented quinoa could be an alimentary source of interest, especially for disease risk prevention such as diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemias.
RESUMO
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how individuals at different stages of infection with HIV perceive their health status and its association with mood states. BACKGROUND: With the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in 1996, the quality of life of people living with HIV has improved. However, the literature emphasises the negative effects of the disease on the mental health of individuals suffering from this condition and the high incidence of depression among infected individuals. Although people diagnosed and living with HIV are overwhelmed by emotions, we found that various emotional manifestations are understudied within this group of patients. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an outpatient unit of a University Hospital (antiretroviral therapy clinic), with a consecutive sample composed of 152 patients. METHODS: Data were collected through a questionnaire used to assess the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the Short Form (36) Health Survey, and the Profile of Mood States scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The health status negatively affects the role at the emotional and mental health dimensions. The participants showing a worse health condition than in the previous year had higher levels of tension/anxiety, depression/dejection, fatigue/inertia and confusion/bewilderment. The stage of disease and the profile of mood state emerged as independent phenomena. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The results of this study indicate that nurses worldwide should be aware of the emotional aspects (negative emotions strongly impact health) related to the subjective perception of a worsening health status, regardless of the stage of the disease.
Assuntos
Afeto , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Ambulatório Hospitalar , Adulto , Ansiedade/etiologia , Confusão/etiologia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/etiologia , Fadiga/etiologia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Nível de Saúde , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
There are several factors that influence women's childbirth experience, and personal interactions with health professionals are of particular significance. The main objective of this study was to present the validation of an abbreviated form of an existing questionnaire on attitudes about childbirth in medical and nursing students. We used a sample of 512 perinatal medicine and nursing students who received the original 52-item CAVE-st questionnaire to obtain a shorter version with proper psychometric properties. We used Cronbach's alpha coefficient to evaluate the new version's internal consistency. The Kaiser- Meyer-Olkin test and the Barlett sphericity test were performed to assess the suitability of exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using structural equation models in a second sample of 139 medical students. We obtained a 15-item version with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. The EFA revealed a four-dimensional structure, similar to the full 52-item version. In the CFA the adjustment indexes showed good model fitness, RMSEA= 0.046 [CI 0.00-0.07]; CFI = 0.978. We can conclude that the 15-item version is a valid tool for evaluating the attitude of students toward childbirth, pointing out the matters that should be improved in their training to avoid obstetric trauma by the promotion of a positive experience in women during childbirth.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Parto , Psicometria , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Feminino , Parto/psicologia , Adulto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Psicometria/instrumentação , Psicometria/normas , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Gravidez , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espanha , Masculino , Análise FatorialRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study targets women who had a self-defined traumatic childbirth experience to (a) explore the differences between sociodemographic-, obstetric-, and trauma-related variables in relation to the rumination style; (b) determine differences between intrusive and deliberate rumination in relation to posttraumatic growth (PTG) dimensions, and (c) test whether intrusive rumination is associated with deliberate rumination, which in turn is associated with PTG dimensions. METHOD: A cross-sectional study design was employed using a web-based survey method for data collection. In total, 202 women who identified their childbirth experience as traumatic participated in this study. RESULTS: Intrusive rumination and deliberate rumination were positively associated with all dimensions of PTG in women following the traumatic childbirth event. Deliberate rumination fully explained the relationship between intrusive rumination and PTG aspects of relating to others, new opportunities, and personal strength, and partially explained the relationship between intrusive rumination and PTG aspects of spiritual changes and appreciation of life. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that deliberate rumination can contribute to explain the occurrence of PTG. These findings could help develop psychosocial interventions to maximize opportunities for deliberate rumination for women with traumatic childbirth experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe the mental health training programs for non-health professionals and volunteers who work, have worked, or would work with asylum seekers and/or refugees. METHOD: Scoping review following JBI methodology. Search carried out in MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, RCAAP, ProQuest, and websites of Clinical Trials, UNHCR, International Organization for Migration, WHO, Save the Children, International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion in Europe, and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Studies written in English, Portuguese, French, Spanish and Swedish. RESULTS: Of the 8954 articles identified, 16 were included reporting on 11 training programs: Mind-Spring, PM+, MHFA, Cognitive-Behavioral Training for Community and Religious Leaders, EmpaTeach, Suicide Prevention Education Program, Teaching Recovery Techniques, Handbook for Teachers of Vietnamese Refugee Students, PFA, Psychosocial support of volunteers and CBP&MHPSS. CONCLUSION: Training programs from scientific literature focus on mental health disorders, while non-governmental organizations' documents focus on resilience and self-care. The current mental health training programs might be insufficient.
Assuntos
Refugiados , Criança , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Estudantes , Voluntários , Treino CognitivoRESUMO
Artificial Intelligence techniques based on Machine Learning algorithms, Neural Networks and Naïve Bayes can optimise the diagnostic process of the SARS-CoV-2 or Covid-19. The most significant help of these techniques is analysing data recorded by health professionals when treating patients with this disease. Health professionals' more specific focus is due to the reduction in the number of observable signs and symptoms, ranging from an acute respiratory condition to severe pneumonia, showing an efficient form of attribute engineering. It is important to note that the clinical diagnosis can vary from asymptomatic to extremely harsh conditions. About 80% of patients with Covid-19 may be asymptomatic or have few symptoms. Approximately 20% of the detected cases require hospital care because they have difficulty breathing, of which about 5% may require ventilatory support in the Intensive Care Unit. Also, the present study proposes a hybrid approach model, structured in the composition of Artificial Intelligence techniques, using Machine Learning algorithms, associated with multicriteria methods of decision support based on the Verbal Decision Analysis methodology, aiming at the discovery of knowledge, as well as exploring the predictive power of specific data in this study, to optimise the diagnostic models of Covid-19. Thus, the model will provide greater accuracy to the diagnosis sought through clinical observation.
RESUMO
The number of people forcibly displaced worldwide is increasing. It is an imperative challenge to provide mental health training for non-health professionals and volunteers who work with those vulnerable populations. The objective is to identify mental health training programs for non-health professionals and volunteers, without mental health training, to work with asylum seekers or refugees in any context. Literature about mental health training programs for adults, non-health professionals and volunteers without mental health training, working, or who have worked, or will work, with asylum seekers or refugees will be considered. Literature published in English, Swedish, Portuguese, Spanish, and French will be considered. Literature reporting training programs exclusively for professionals or volunteers in the health or mental health domains will be excluded. The following electronic databases will be searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, SCOPUS, ERIC, RCAAP, and OPEN GREY. Other sites to be searched: ClinicalTrials, UNHCR, IOM, WHO, Save the Children, IMISCOE, and IFRC. The screening process will entail two steps carried out by two independent reviewers: firstly, screening by title and abstract, and secondarily, by full text. Data will describe the literature according to the review research questions that were defined following the PPC mnemonic, and presented graphically with a narrative.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To map the educational technologies implemented for HIV prevention in black people. METHOD: Scope review, performed according to the recommendations of The Joanna Briggs Institute, in Medline/PubMed, Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane and PsycINFO databases, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta- Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). RESULTS: There were 14 studies published between 1999 and 2020. The main health impacts for black people involved a reduction in rates of unprotected sex, greater use of condoms, a decrease in risky behaviors, a minimization of the number of partners, a greater request for HIV testing and an increase in the use of Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). CONCLUSION: The educational technologies mapped were: workshops, courses, messages, dramatization, videos, application, pamphlet, media and radio campaigns, Facebook groups, website, computer programs and multimedia software.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Infecções por HIV , Humanos , População Negra , Preservativos , Tecnologia Educacional , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to demonstrate the effectiveness of educational interventions in knowledge, attitude and practice for preventing respiratory infections in adults and older adults. METHODS: this is a systematic review carried out in 11 databases. Primary studies, without language and time restrictions, of the randomized, non-randomized and before-and-after clinical trial type, were selected. The risk of bias was assessed by two independent researchers, and the methodological quality was generated by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. RESULTS: the intervention effectiveness was evidenced in seven studies. The results of the random effects meta-analysis show that there is a statistically significant difference between knowledge about preventing respiratory diseases, with an OR of 2.82 (95%CI 1.70 to 4.69) for the occurrence of events represented by improved knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: most studies show the effectiveness of educational interventions, which was determined through the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice survey.