Relationship between albuminuric CKD and diabetic retinopathy in a real-world setting of type 2 diabetes: Findings from No blind study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Recently, the albuminocentric view of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been changing. Therefore, the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has to be addressed according to this new clinical presentation of DKD. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a real-world setting, the correlation DR-DKD in T2DM. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 2068 type 2 diabetic patients enrolled in a multicenter cross-sectional study were investigated. Albuminuric subjects were largely prevalent among subjects with DR (p = 0.019). In the whole study population, no difference in albumin excretion rate (AER) was observed between presence/absence of DR; instead, AER was significantly higher among patients with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD) (p = 0.009), above all in those with CKD and AER ≥0.03 g/24 h (p = 0.005). Multivariate analysis confirmed that eGFR (O.R. 0.976; 95% C.I.: 0.960-1.028; p < 0.001) and AER (O.R. 1.249; 95% C.I. 1.001-1.619; p = 0.004) were independently associated with DR and HDL-cholesterol (O.R.: 1.042; 95% C.I.: 1.011-1.120; p = 0.014). Additionally, among patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and albuminuria, both eGFR and AER significantly varied between those with/without DR (p = 0.012 and p = 0.005, respectively), and this finding was observed among only albuminuric patients. Analogous results were obtained considering DR classification. AER was significantly higher among subjects with either proliferative DR (PDR) or severe nonproliferative DR (NPDR), with regard to mild NPDR (0.498 and 0.938 g/die vs. 0.101 g/die; p < 0.001, respectively). Similar results were obtained in the specular subgroups. CONCLUSION: In T2DM with DKD, the AER seems to be related to the presence of DR. This association is confirmed above all in those with more severe DR.

Application and internal validation of lung ultrasound score in COVID-19 setting: The ECOVITA observational study.

BACKGROUND: The severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronarovirus-2 associated still causes a significant number of deaths and hospitalizations mainly by the development of respiratory failure. We aim to validate lung ultrasound score in order to predict mortality and the severity of the clinical course related to the need of respiratory support. METHODS: In this prospective multicenter hospital-based cohort study, all adult patients with diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, performed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were included. Upon admission, all patients underwent blood gas analysis and lung ultrasound by expert operators. The acquisition of ultrasound scan was performed on 12 peculiar anatomic landmarks of the chest. Lung ultrasound findings were classified according to a scoring method, ranging 0 to 3: Score 0: normal A-lines. Score 1: multiple separated B-lines. Score 2: coalescent B-lines, alteration of pleural line. Score 3: consolidation area. RESULTS: One thousand and seven patients were included in statistical analysis (male 62.4 %, mean age 66.3). Oxygen support was needed in 811 (80.5 %) patients. The median ultrasound score was 24 and the risk of having more invasive respiratory support increased in relation to higher values score computed. Lung ultrasound score showed negative strong correlation (rho: -0.71) with the P/F ratio and a significant association with in-hospital mortality (OR 1.11, 95 %CI 1.07-1.14; p < 0.001), even after adjustment with the following variables (age, sex, P/F ratio, SpO2, lactate, hypertension, chronic renal failure, diabetes, and obesity). CONCLUSIONS: The novelty of this research corroborates and validates the 12-field lung ultrasound score as tool for predicting mortality and severity clinical course in COVID-19 patients. Baseline lung ultrasound score was associated with in-hospital mortality and requirement of intensive respiratory support and predict the risk of IOT among COVID-19 patients.

[Human hydatidosis: advances and report of four paediatric cases with unusual presentation]. / Idatidosi umana: recenti acquisizioni e descrizione di quattro casi pediatrici a sede inusuale.

Human hydatid disease due to Echinococcus granulosus is frequently observed in Italy, especially in the central and southern areas and on the islands. In the last twenty years some major advances in the field of epidemiology as well as diagnostic and therapeutical approaches have changed our knowledge of this disease. In Italy, localization in the liver, kidney or peritoneum accounts for about 95% of cases. The authors describe four paediatric cases with unusual localization (kidney and muscle), highlighting difficulties in the diagnosis.

[Various cases of congenital lobar emphysema]. / Considerazioni su alcuni casi di enfisema lobare congenito.

The authors describe some cases of congenital lobar emphysema and after a review of literature discuss main clinical, radiological and differential diagnosis problems of this disease. At last they point out the favourable results obtained with the treatment performed (lobectomy with continuous pleural drainage and medical therapy of support).

Relationship between upper gastrointestinal bleeding and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in children.

The authors evaluated the relationship between drug intake and upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. The endoscopic files of the previous 2 years were reviewed and the incidence and age and sex distribution recorded. GI bleeding is indication for a high percentage of lower endoscopies and a low percentage of upper endoscopies. On the other hand, although rarer upper GI bleeding is more severe and frequently related to drug ingestion. About 50% of cases showed gastric erosions secondary to drug intake. A relation between gastric bleeding and paracetamol is considered, as is the possibility of preventing secondary severe bleeding by pharmacologic gastric protection in children with risk factors such as chronic use of other drugs or portal hypertension.

Gastric emptying in infants with gastroesophageal reflux. Ultrasound evaluation before and after cisapride administration.

The present study aimed to evaluate gastric emptying in children with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) by means of real-time ultrasonography, on the basis of measurements of the cross-sectional area of the gastric antrum. Twelve children with GER were studied (seven males, five females; age range, 3-13 months) and compared with 12 normal control children (six males, six females; age range, 3-13 months). The diagnosis of GER was confirmed by 24-h esophageal pH-monitoring. The GER patients had a significantly greater antral area than the controls at 90, 105, and 120 min after eating a standard meal (cow's milk formula, 300 ml/m2 body surface area); in addition, final gastric emptying time was significantly greater in the patients than in the controls (145 +/- 36.9 versus 78.7 +/- 19.3 min; p less than 0.0025). After 8 weeks of treatment with cisapride (0.3 ml/kg, three times a day) 24-h esophageal pH-monitoring and ultrasonography studies were repeated in the patients. The total percentage reflux time was significantly lower (p less than 0.038), and ultrasonography showed a decreased antral area at all the various study times, with no significant difference between patients and controls; final gastric emptying time was also significantly lower than before treatment (p less than 0.009). Furthermore, in the GER patients there was a significant correlation between gastric emptying time and the sum of the various reflux times recorded in the 2 h after all meals over the 24 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)