Burnout syndrome and its prevalence in primary care nursing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: burnout syndrome is a significant problem in nursing professionals. Although, the unit where nurses work may influence burnout development. Nurses that work in primary care units may be at higher risk of burnout. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment in primary care nurses. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis. We searched Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, Scielo, Proquest, CUIDEN and LILACS databases up to September 2017 to identify cross-sectional studies assessing primary care nurses' burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory were included. The search was done in September 2017. RESULTS: After the search process, n = 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing a total sample of n = 1110 primary care nurses. High emotional exhaustion prevalence was 28% (95% Confidence Interval = 22-34%), high depersonalization was 15% (95% Confidence Interval = 9-23%) and 31% (95% Confidence Interval = 6-66%) for low personal accomplishment. CONCLUSIONS: Problems such as emotional exhaustion and low personal accomplishment are very common among primary care nurses, while depersonalization is less prevalent. Primary care nurses are a burnout risk group.

A Risk Profile of Sociodemographic Factors in the Onset of Academic Burnout Syndrome in a Sample of University Students.

Studying for a university degree can be very demanding, as students must cope with a variety of academic, social and personal challenges. If these demands persist, and if there are insufficient resources with which to address them, they will eventually provoke stress. When stress is present for long periods of time, it can lead to academic burnout syndrome, the signs of which are emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and inadequate personal accomplishment. This paper considers certain sociodemographic factors (age, sex, children, marital status, employment status, degree subject, faculty, academic year) in the identification of a risk profile of developing burnout syndrome. This study is cross-sectional, associative and ex post facto. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey was administered to 445 students in the University of Granada. According to the risk profile obtained, first-year male students in Primary Education and Social Education courses are at risk of developing burnout syndrome.

Psychometric properties and scales of the Granada Burnout Questionnaire applied to nurses.

Nurses are an occupational group with extremely high levels of burnout. The most accepted definition of the burnout syndrome was proposed by Maslach and Jackson, who characterized it in terms of three dimensions: (i) Emotional Exhaustion; (ii) Depersonalization; (iii) Personal Accomplishment. This definition was the basis for the Granada Burnout Questionnaire (GBQ). The objective of this research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the GBQ and to elaborate an evaluation scale to measure burnout in nursing professionals in Spain. A total of 1,177 nurses participated in this study and successfully completed the GBQ. Evidence of construct validity was verified by cross-validation and convergent validity, and evidence of criteria validity was checked by concurrent validity. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure internal consistency. The results obtained in our study show satisfactory fit values in the confirmatory factor analysis and in the evidence of convergent and concurrent validity. All of the Cronbach alpha values were greater than .83. This signifies that the GBQ has good psychometric properties that are applicable to nurses. For this purpose a scale of T-scores and centiles was created that permitted the evaluation of burnout in Spanish nursing professionals.

Los enfermeros son uno de los colectivos profesionales que presentan mayores niveles de burnout. La definición más aceptada de este trastorno fue propuesta por Maslach y Jackson, y se caracteriza por Cansancio Emocional, Despersonalización y Realización Personal. Esta definición operativa fue usada en la elaboración del Cuestionario de Burnout Granada (CBG). El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del CBG y elaborar un baremo para profesionales de enfermería españoles. El CBG era cumplimentado por 1177 enfermeros. Las evidencias de validez de constructo fueron examinadas usando estrategias de validez cruzada y validez convergente, y las evidencias de validez de criterio mediante la validez concurrente. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach se utilizó para medir la consistencia interna. Los resultados indican índices de ajuste satisfactorio en el análisis factorial confirmatorio, y en las evidencias de validez convergente y concurrente. Todos los valores de alfa de Cronbach fueron superiores a 0,83. Los resultados muestran que el CBG tiene buenas propiedades psicométricas para ser usado en enfermeros. Se elaboró un baremo en puntuaciones T y centiles que permite evaluar burnout en enfermeros españoles.

Prevalencia bayesiana y niveles de burnout en enfermería de urgencias. Una revisión sistemática / Bayesian prevalence and burnout levels in emergency nurses. A systematic review

Este trabajo tiene como objetivos conocer los niveles de burnout, estimar la prevalencia del trastorno asi como analizar las relaciones entre algunos factores de riesgo y el síndrome en profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en servicios de urgencias. Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de estudios primarios cuantitativos que midiesen el síndrome de burnout en enfermeros del servicio de urgencias. La búsqueda se realizó en octubre de 2014 en las siguientes bases: CINAHL, CUIDEN, IBECS, LILACS, Pubmed, Proquest, Psycinfo, Scielo, Scopus y la Biblioteca Cochrane. Siguiendo los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se obtuvo una muestra final de 27 estudios. Se han encontrado mayoritariamente niveles medios y altos en la dimensión cansancio emocional. En la dimensión despersonalización los valores han sido principalmente de nivel intermedio aunque también se han encontrado estudios que informan de niveles altos. En la dimensión realización personal no existe consenso en la literatura revisada sobre un nivel más prevalente. Variables como el género, el turno de trabajo y la carga horaria, entre otras, son factores de riesgo de burnout. Los trabajos revisados informan de niveles intermedios y altos en todas las dimensiones del burnout y concluyen que la prevalencia de burnout en enfermeros de servicios de urgencias es alta. Algunos factores de riesgo sociodemográficos, como edad y sexo, otros laborales como antigüedad en la profesión y servicio, y alguno psicológico, como ansiedad, juegan un papel importante por su relación con el burnout.

This research sought to explore the level of burnout, to estimate its prevalence, and to analyze the relationships among some risk factors and the syndrome in nurses working at emergency departments. A systematic review of primary quantitative studies that measure the burnout syndrome in emergency department nurses has been performed. The search was done in October 2014 in these databases: CINAHL, CUIDEN, IBECS, LILACS, Pubmed, Proquest, Psycinfo, SciELO, Scopus and Cochrane Library. A sample of 27 studies was obtained following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Medium and high levels of emotional exhaustion dimension were mostly found. Depersonalization dimension values were mainly middle level, but also some studies found reported high levels. As for the personal accomplishment dimension, there was no consensus as to the most prevalent level in the literature reviewed. Variables such as gender, work shift and workload among others, can play a role as risk factors. The studies reviewed report medium and high level of each burnout dimension, and conclude that the prevalence of burnout in emergency nurses is high. Some sociodemographic risk factors such as age and sex, other occupational risk factors such as seniority in the profession and service, and some psychological risk factors such as anxiety, play an important role in the relationship with burnout.