Active school transportation and the built environment across Canadian cities: Findings from the child active transportation safety and the environment (CHASE) study.

Walking and bicycling to school (active school transportation, AST) has been in decline for decades in North America and globally with the rise of automobility. This cross-sectional study estimated associations between the built environment and AST in seven Canadian communities. We observed the travel behaviours of almost 118,000 students at 552 schools. Using beta regression, we modeled the proportion of children using AST, considering built environment and social environment factors around schools. Across all schools, the average proportion of children using AST was 54.3% (SD 18.9%), with variability among cities from a low of 39.5% (SD 22.1%) in Laval, Quebec to 69.7% (SD 18.1%) in Montreal, Quebec. Overall, several modifiable road design features were associated with AST, including the presence of school crossing guards, cycling infrastructure, Walk Score® and traffic signal density. There was variability in the directionality and statistical significance of associations with design variables across cities, suggesting that the local context and directed local interventions are important to support AST. Natural experiment studies are necessary to examine local approaches related to the built environment to increase AST and ensure appropriate new policy and program interventions are developed.

Does a Split-Week Gestational Age Model Provide Valuable Information on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Infants?

Our primary objective for this follow-up study was to compare the neurodevelopmental outcomes of a surviving cohort of infants using a split-week gestational model (early versus late) gestational age (GA) and the standard completed GA categorization. Neurodevelopmental outcomes using a split-week GA model defined as early (X, 0-3) and late (X, 4-6), with X being 23-26 weeks GA, were compared to outcomes using completed weeks GA. In total, 1012 infants were included in the study. Statistically significant differences were noted in outcomes between the early and late split of the gestational week at 23 weeks (early vs. late), with 13.3% vs. 54.5% for no neurodevelopmental impairment, and 53.3% vs. 22.7% for significant impairment (p = 0.034), respectively. There were no differences seen in the split week model for 24, 25, and 26 weeks. A trend towards improved neurodevelopmental outcomes was seen with each increasing gestation week. The split-week model did not provide additional information for pregnancies and infants between 24 and 26 weeks gestation. It did, however, provide information for counsel for infants at 23 weeks gestation, showing benefits in the late versus early half of the week.

Dramatic pain relief and resolution of bone inflammation following pamidronate in 9 pediatric patients with persistent chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO).

BACKGROUND: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an inflammatory, non-infectious osteopathy that affects predominantly patients