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1.
J Med Virol ; 94(6): 2331-2333, 2022 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34978094

RESUMO

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), like any other disease, has created great worry in Afghanistan. The country's slew of issues has paved the way for HIV to spread and go unchecked. International groups have banded together to stop the virus's spread since the first case was confirmed in Afghanistan. The cumulative effects of international collaboration have aided in the reduction of cases and improved awareness. Because of their injection use, a large portion of the country's population has been classified as a vulnerable category for HIV infection. Awareness campaigns and international collaboration should be implemented to further limit the spread of HIV.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Afeganistão/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Humanos
4.
Med Confl Surviv ; 37(2): 118-123, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33971772

RESUMO

The global pandemic appears to be a never ending challenge. With the authorities' reach shrinking, we can assume that Bacha Bazi is celebrated more than before. Perpetrators not only harass individuals but also put public health in peril by organizing gathering and parties. With both individual and public health and rights at stake, this pandemic could also be a chance to contain Bacha Bazi practices. It may be early to say this and we definitely need to collect more information before we reach any conclusion, but most importantly, we, from healthcare workers and youth workers to policymakers, need to take action. Awareness is the spark of our mobilization. As citizens we can be more critical towards traditions involving any kind of abuse. As healthcare workers, we can be alert when treating boys, adolescents and young adults. We can probably spot a hidden case of abuse and refer the victim accordingly. As citizens we can support policymakers who are committed to take action against harassment of this, and any other, kind and this can also be a crucial chance to address the shadows haunting our societies once and for all.


Assuntos
Abuso Sexual na Infância , Adolescente , Afeganistão , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
7.
Environ Health Insights ; 18: 11786302241238171, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38482523

RESUMO

The transportation sector is among the highest contributors to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions in European nations, with private cars emerging as the primary source. Although reducing emissions presents a formidable challenge, the emergence of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) offers a promising and sustainable avenue toward achieving zero greenhouse gases within the transportation infrastructure. Since the 1990s, the Norwegian parliament has fervently supported this transition, leveraging public awareness campaigns and a range of financial incentives for its users nationwide. The widespread utilization of BEVs promises substantial health benefits, including ensuring cleaner air for all citizens regardless of their socioeconomic status and fostering improvements in public health outcomes. This transition potentially curtails hundreds of thousands of annual deaths attributed to climate change, enhances the quality of life, bolsters civilian productivity, and fuels economic and population growth. The adoption of BEVs offers a myriad of advantages, including reduced health risks and premature mortality, as well as a quieter environment with diminished noise pollution. Nonetheless, the integration of BEVs necessitates robust road infrastructure with considerable maintenance costs, alongside limitations on driving range for users. Concerns arise regarding potential particle emissions from BEV tire wear due to the increased weight of batteries compared to conventional vehicles. Rapid acceleration capabilities may accelerate tire degradation, contributing to higher particle emissions, of which only 10% to 20% remain suspended in the air, whereas the majority settles on road surfaces, posing a threat to nearby aquatic ecosystems when washed into water bodies and soils. While BEVs hold promise for valuable benefits, successful policy creation and implementation require a detailed awareness of their limitations and challenges to ensure a comprehensive approach to sustainable mobility and public health improvement. Therefore, more research on the limitations of BEVs can help inform improved tactics for maximizing their benefits while limiting potential disadvantages.


A swift transition to electric vehicles is a good public health intervention that benefits the quality of the air and climate systems. It is expedient to know that this new technology will not solve all problems caused by transportation systems, as there will always be some unwanted and unexpected side effects as usual with new technologies. We suggest more advanced research on EVs shortcomings for better understanding and usage.

8.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy ; 18(1): 7, 2023 01 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36683028

RESUMO

Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) offers a promising approach to addressing the significant burden of smoking in Afghanistan. Over three million Afghans smoke daily, making it a leading cause of preventable deaths in the country. While the previous Afghan government implemented various tobacco cessation policies and strategies, these measures were only partially effective in reducing the number of smokers or smoking-related deaths. In 2021, community-based initiatives in Kabul and Herat started advocating for Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) as a novel, realistic, and practical approach proven to promote smoking abstinence and minimize tobacco harm. However, implementing THR strategies in Afghanistan faces numerous challenges, including a lack of governmental support, funding issues, unfavorable market conditions, the high cost-effectiveness of THR products, and misconceptions about these products. To effectively promote THR in Afghanistan and overcome these challenges, it will be necessary to implement THR policies that support THR products for smokers, regulate the market for these products, produce them locally with healthcare professional oversight, conduct more engaging advocacy campaigns, and secure domestic sponsors.


Assuntos
Nicotiana , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Humanos , Fumantes , Redução do Dano , Afeganistão/epidemiologia
9.
Asia Pac J Public Health ; 34(1): 125-127, 2022 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34670431

RESUMO

The COVID-19 pandemic is continuing to ravage countries across the world. It has displaced families and impacted economies around the world. Our fight against the pandemic is never ending, but COVID-19 vaccines offer unique promises and opportunities to win this war. As more and more vaccines are approved for use, many countries including Bhutan have started vaccinating their population against the SARS-CoV2 disease. Bhutan has fully vaccinated 61.5% of its people and 11.2% partially including children aged between 12 and 17 years. The country used many strategies to increase vaccine accessibility and availability such as government's exhaustive efforts to secure enough vaccine doses, careful preparations, use of international partners, and integration of its tradition and culture for wider vaccine acceptance. The protection from vaccines coupled with other public health measures has helped keep the number of COVID-19 cases to a manageable number without straining its health system too much. The success story is a "beacon of hope for the region" as the world looks to rebuild itself from this long exhausting fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Adolescente , Butão , Criança , Humanos , Pandemias , RNA Viral , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacinação
10.
Arch Public Health ; 80(1): 8, 2022 Jan 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34983658

RESUMO

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in late 2019, with the first case identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, on 12 December 2019. In order to perceive the comprehensive impact of this pandemic, we have to know that misinformation and denials about COVID-19 have surely exacerbated its diffusion and hindered the response against it. Turkmenistan remains one of the very few countries in the world that lacks reports about emerging cases of the novel coronavirus. Turkmen authorities claim that they have adopted all attainable measures required in order to combat the virus, asserting that COVID-19 has yet to reach their country. Despite the government's reported absence of COVID-19 in the country, rumors, media reports and independent sources suggest the spread of the pandemic in Turkmenistan. By mid-June 2020, the outbreak was referred to as being serious with patients suffering extreme health risks, and following its state of disrepair and unethical practices, many of those anticipated to be COVID-19 infected tend to suffer at home, discouraging any interaction with the healthcare system. The civil society in Turkmenistan, for the time being, takes full part of the government's duty in the process of informing and educating the public regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, and endeavors to keep the government and WHO accountable for behaving in such repressive ways that could lead to rather preventable loss of human life in Turkmenistan. Yet, efforts hang fire before unveiling the real situation, and Turkmenistan's government owning up to the negations and roaming speculations, not only regarding the coronavirus crisis, but every public-related issue itself.

11.
Health Sci Rep ; 5(6): e846, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36381414

RESUMO

The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) launched Global Surgery 2030 to address the surgical services inequities with a bias toward low-income and middle-income countries like the Philippines. The same inequity is observed particularly when it comes to the urban-rural divide. With more than half of the population living in rural areas, access to surgery becomes a major challenge that further impedes the much-needed health of an economically productive workforce. The Universal Health Care [UHC] Act (RA 11332) of 2019 ensures that all Filipinos have access to quality, cost-effective, promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative, and palliative health services without causing a financial burden. Recognizing the provision of essential surgery, in the context of primary healthcare is important. It should be accessible, continuous, comprehensive, and coordinated at the time of need - parallel to the principle of primary health care. Driven by this concept and experiences, the authors conceptualized and presented the Philippine Rural Surgery model for future development and implementation. This is envisioned to provide essential surgery among local rural primary health care settings that is universal, accessible, cost-effective and safe. As this is still new in the Philippines, we proposed tenets and recommendations based on WHO Health System Strengthening building blocks to guide stakeholders in creating formal plans towards institutionalization under the principles of UHC. Such access to surgical service in the context of a unique socio-demography of the Philippines would be essential in attaining the parameters and provisions set by the UHC Act.

12.
Front Psychiatry ; 13: 877934, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35664485

RESUMO

Objectives: The specific objectives of the study are to examine the mental health (depression and anxiety) of the first generation of post-Taliban government and compare these measures with its preceding generation, and to assess war experience of the first generation of post-Taliban government. We also wanted to assess the daily stressors and their contribution to the mental health, and to assess mental health as a result of war experiences and daily stressors with respect to demographic measures such as sex, marital status, age, mother's age, birth order, and ethnicities. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 621 high school students, were randomly selected to participate in the study to assess war experience, daily stressors, and mental health among the first generation of young adults under post-Taliban government. Results: The participants had 17.37 ± 0.9 mean years of ages, 94.8% of them were unmarried. Poor mental health was significantly associated with higher exposure to war, but not with the age of participants (P = 0.08). There was no association between war experiences and the age and ethnicity of our participants (p = 0.9, p = 0.7). Age differences were negligible for daily stressors too (P = 0.07). Daily stressors scores were higher for female than male students (P = 0.02). The majority of young adults surveyed, declared themselves in agreement with statements such as the security situation in Afghanistan makes me frustrated (56%), air pollution as a concern (41%), and not having anyone to talk about what is in their heart (28.8%). Gender differences were highly significant for mental health, as appraised by both The Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL) -depression and HSCL-anxiety. Girls presented higher rates of depression, anxiety, and daily stressors than boys, and boys presented higher rates of war experiences than girls. Conclusion: War experience, daily stressors, and mental health were irrelevant with age, ethnicity and marital status. Factor such as being the first-born child of the family, higher reported war experiences, and daily stressors all negatively impact mental health. Alongside war and its direct effects, the existing socio-cultural context must be considered as a potential factor mediating the mental health of girls in Afghanistan.

13.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep ; : 1-7, 2022 Mar 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35357299

RESUMO

Northern Nigeria is currently facing a twin crisis of both COVID-19 and insecurity. They have made it difficult for the people to follow government containment efforts to control the pandemic and also have impacted on the socioeconomic and health aspects of the society. We have discussed on the impact of insecurity amid COVID-19 in Northern Nigeria. It is opined that if the insecurity in Northern Nigeria is not tackled, it will expose the region to more escalation of cases and deaths. Thus, it is recommended that proactive steps should be implemented by all stakeholders concerned to tackle insecurity, particularly the government to revive the security architecture, provide an environment for training and retraining of all security personnel and enhancing intelligence gathering to pave the way for resolving this issue.

14.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 105(6): 1460-1462, 2021 Oct 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34695788

RESUMO

As the COVID-19 pandemic takes its toll on citizens across the globe, more people turn to sex work for survival. Because sex work is inherently physical and intimate, sex workers become defenseless against the virus and act as a bridge for transmitting the virus to their clients and society. Often, sex workers are the victims of violence and homelessness, and are devoid of health-care facilities, including HIV treatment, and are frequently exposed to a large number of individuals as dictated by the nature of their work. Their survival instincts would drive them to take part in their usual job to earn money, despite added health risks, to survive and feed their families. Worldwide, sex workers do not fully benefit from the COVID-19 responses, particularly in health, social, and economic aid assistance and services. Hence, it is essential to include this vulnerable population in the COVID-19 vaccination programs to halt the further spread of the virus.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19/farmacologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , Profissionais do Sexo , Vacinação , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Saúde Global , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Humanos , Violência , Populações Vulneráveis
15.
Trop Med Health ; 49(1): 76, 2021 Sep 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34548099

RESUMO

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been spreading in every part of the world, putting nations at risk with its pandemic status, including Indonesia. COVID-19 vaccine has been deemed as one of the most effective interventions to date for mitigating the spread and mortality from COVID-19. Responding to the situation, the Government of Indonesia (GOI) has allocated the means necessary to procure and distribute COVID-19 vaccines; placing into consideration the unique context of the country, recently categorized as a middle-income country and archipelagic with a population over 270 million. This article aims to present the challenges associated with the distribution of COVID-19 vaccination as well as recommendations to mitigate them, to ensure a timely and effective COVID-19 vaccination program in Indonesia.

16.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 104(5): 1613-1615, 2021 Mar 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33684060

RESUMO

Before the COVID-19 pandemic ravaged Africa, a large percentage of Africans were already affected by poverty and food insecurity. The pandemic wreaked havoc on their already unfavorable situation. The direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 included but not limited to illness and deaths of food systems' workers, interruption of food supply chains, unemployment, depreciation of currency value, and disruption of social protection programs. COVID-19 will lead to further economic fallout. Thus, the situation needs careful observation and timely intervention to safeguard the vulnerable African communities. Although Africa has sought ways to lessen the dire impact of the pandemic on food security, short-term solutions should include and enhance social and economic relief initiatives such as monetary intervention and social safety net. Considering a balance between health benefits of COVID-19 restrictions and their economic implications, the African countries, at the regional level, must preserve open and efficient social protection programs and cross-border supply and distribution networks for agricultural inputs. Africa's medium- and long-term strategies for improving food security should include improving and diversifying its agricultural productivity and production of key food commodities. This will reduce Africa's dependence on importation of these key commodities, and will help the continent address underlying economic vulnerabilities and better manage food, pandemic, and/or health-related crises affecting food security in the long term.


Assuntos
COVID-19/epidemiologia , Segurança Alimentar , SARS-CoV-2 , África/epidemiologia , Humanos
17.
Trop Med Health ; 49(1): 39, 2021 May 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33990227

RESUMO

The rapid spread of COVID-19 around the world has exposed some long-standing deficiencies in health systems, particularly in environments with low financial and medical resources. Most patients ill with COVID-19 require oxygen and supportive therapy for survival as there remains no conclusively established curative therapy. Following a number of critical research work and drawing from a millennia-long evolution of medical practice, respiratory support has been identified as a paramount intervention to ensure lives are saved when supportive care is required, and oxygen is an essential commodity to achieve this. This letter focuses on the numerous means for oxygen delivery to health facilities and in turn the end users and expands on the importance of innovation to improve oxygen supply. We describe a community distribution system with a telemedicine structure that can be leveraged for oxygen delivery.

18.
Trop Med Health ; 49(1): 77, 2021 Sep 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34563263

RESUMO

Food security is a major element for the sustainability, stability and development of a country. However, despite fundamental efforts in fighting poverty, Afghanistan continues to struggle with food insecurity with a large proportion of its population living below the poverty line. With extreme climates, protracted conflict, and now COVID-19, food insecurity has become rampant and is on the rise in the country. Efforts have been reinforced to mitigate this issue, but a spate of obstacles which seems not to come to an end, has contributed to the deterioration of the situation. With the collaboration and efforts of international organizations, there remains a glimmer of hope to potentially reduce the gravity of the food insecurity in the country. This paper aims to highlight the efforts of Afghanistan in alleviating food insecurity with a focus on the impact of COVID-19 on this issue. It also presents recommendations that may help ameliorate the country's food security status during and after the pandemic.

19.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 105(5): 1137-1140, 2021 08 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34464328

RESUMO

A country's preparedness for a prompt and successful implementation of vaccination programs plays a pivotal role in disease control and prevention. As it stands now, Afghanistan seems to be ill-prepared to embrace a successful implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination program because of a spate of challenges. These include, but are not limited to, the insufficient number of vaccinators, a dearth of fully integrated functioning cold chain, challenging geographical barriers, cultural issues, insecurity, and protracted conflict. The COVID-19 infodemic along with vaccine mistrust in the country will lead to a pervasive public vaccine hesitancy in Afghanistan, which will present serious obstacles to the COVID-19 immunization efforts. The politicization of the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) and the complaints of embezzlement and misuse of the pandemic aid have already eroded public trust during the pandemic. To ensure a large-scale and equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, the cold chain infrastructure should be strengthened, and the immunization personnel trained. Antivaccination propaganda and misinformation should be tackled with effective communication approaches and effective community engagement, which consider culturally relevant messages appropriate to the culture and people. The allegations of corruption should be addressed to revive public trust in public health interventions, including COVID-19 vaccination.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Programas de Imunização , Saúde Pública/métodos , Afeganistão/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/economia , Comunicação , Feminino , Geografia , Humanos , Programas de Imunização/métodos , Programas de Imunização/normas , Saúde Pública/economia , Saúde Pública/normas , Confiança , Vacinação , Hesitação Vacinal
20.
Public Health Pract (Oxf) ; 2: 100073, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33521738

RESUMO

COVID-19 has resulted in large number of mortalities across the globe. However, Cambodia has recorded low number of COVID-19 cases with no death. A number of factors buttress the accuracy of this phenomenon such as significant support from international health partners, culture of wearing a face mask when sick, timely response of Cambodia's neighbouring countries, and the compliance of the general public to the restrictions. Cambodia started to take stringent measures and augmented efforts to initiate policies and plans to curb the spread of the virus, including but not limited to: closure of inbound and outbound borders, shutting down of schools, and banning religious activities, gatherings and meetings, with more than 50 people. Another source of success of Cambodia is extensive mass testing, complemented with contact tracing. A strategy called "box in" the virus was introduced. Healthcare workers were trained to help in contact tracing and detection at the community level. Measures enacted so far has helped Cambodia control the pandemic. Other countries could adopt and adapt to the policies and best practices of Cambodia. However, possibilities of new waves of the pandemic may affect the country, thus, the Cambodian government needs to be cautious when lifting restrictions to avoid explosion of new cases.

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