RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Postnatal brain development is affected by the in utero environment. Modern people usually have a high sodium intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium hyperingestion during pregnancy on the postnatal brain development of rat offspring. METHODS: The sodium-overloaded rats received 1.8% NaCl in their drinking water for 7 days during the last week of gestation. Their body weight, urine, and blood levels of sodium and other parameters were measured. Some rats were sacrificed at pregnancy day 22 and the weight and length of the placenta and foetus were measured. The cerebral cortex and hippocampus were obtained from their offspring at postnatal day 1 and at postnatal weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8. Western blot analyses were conducted with brain tissue lysates. RESULTS: The sodium-overloaded animals had decreased weight gain in the last week of gestation as well as decreased food intake, increased water intake, urine volume, urine sodium, and serum sodium. There were no differences in placental weight and length. The foetuses of sodium-overloaded rats showed decreased body weight and size, and this difference was maintained postnatally for 2 weeks. In the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the offspring, the protein levels of myelin basic protein, calmodulin/calcium-dependent protein kinase II, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were decreased or aberrantly expressed. DISCUSSION: The present data suggest that increased sodium intake during pregnancy affects the brain development of the offspring.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Encéfalo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Exposição Materna/efeitos adversos , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Sódio/efeitos adversos , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Ingestão de Líquidos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Ratos , Sódio/administração & dosagem , Sódio/sangue , Sódio/urinaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of pine needle extract (PNE) on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 during liver regeneration induced by 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in rat. METHODS: Forty-eight male rats (SD, 7 weeks) had surgery (70% PH). They were randomly divided into two groups. PH + PNE group was only provided PNE diluted in water (10%) for drinking and PH group was provided water from 5 days before surgery to the time of sacrifice. PNE was made by pressing and filtering. Animals were sacrificed at 12h, 24h, 36h, 60h, 84h, 168h after PH, respectively. The expressions of PCNA and Ki-67 were determined as proliferation indices. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry turned out to increase the expression of PCNA and Ki-67. PCNA expression of PH+PNE group increased up to twice of that of PH group. Western blot also seemed to increase the PCNA expression. These results indicated the promotion of cell proliferation in liver tissue and hepatic regeneration. CONCLUSIONS: Pine needle extract stimulates the expression of some mitotic proteins during liver regeneration induced by 70% PH in rats. It suggests that administration of pine needle extract could accelerate the liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
Assuntos
Hepatectomia/métodos , Antígeno Ki-67/efeitos dos fármacos , Regeneração Hepática/efeitos dos fármacos , Pinus/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Masculino , Índice Mitótico , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, induces endothelial dysfunction by reversibly blocking NO production from L-arginine. To elucidate the association of prenatal status of ADMA with placental heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) in normal full-term pregnancies, we evaluated the expression of placental HSP70 and LOX-1. METHODS: Tissue samples of placentas obtained from 60 normal-term pregnancies were categorized into 30 cases with a lower level of prenatal ADMA (0.28 +/- 0.07 microM) and 30 cases with a higher level of prenatal ADMA (1.31 +/- 0.44 microM). We evaluated the placental expression of HSP70 and LOX-1 with Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry and determined the correlation between HSP70 and LOX-1. RESULTS: We found that prenatal increased ADMA is associated with increased placental HSP70 and LOX-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: We postulate that higher ADMA levels are associated with excessive levels of oxidative damage and stress markers (HSP, LOX-1) in placental tissues.
Assuntos
Arginina/análogos & derivados , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/metabolismo , Placenta/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores Classe E/metabolismo , Arginina/sangue , Arginina/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inibidores , Gravidez , Nascimento a Termo/sangue , Nascimento a Termo/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Human paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is thought to play a role in preeclampsia and atherosclerosis, mainly through a reduction in low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is very important in endothelial dysfunction of preeclampsia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between PON1 gene polymorphism and preeclampsia and to determine concentrations of serum lipid in preeclampsia patients. We aimed also to evaluate serum oxidized LDL levels in normal and preeclampsia patients. STUDY DESIGN: We performed the present study in 57 control women and 32 preeclampsia patients. PON-1 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were measured. We also measured serum levels of oxidized LDL by ELISA method. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in PON1 genotype frequencies between the control and preeclampsia patients. The levels of serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein were significantly lower in preeclampsia patients compared with that of the control women (p=0.05, and p<0.01, respectively). The serum levels of oxidized LDL in preeclampsia patients were significantly higher than those in the control women (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the importance of the atherogenic lipid profile and oxidized LDL that is enhanced in preeclampsia, and these findings may be significant contributors to endothelial dysfunction.
Assuntos
Arildialquilfosfatase/genética , Lipídeos/sangue , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Polimorfismo Genético , Pré-Eclâmpsia/sangue , Pré-Eclâmpsia/genética , Biomarcadores , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , Oxirredução , GravidezRESUMO
Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of pine needle extract (PNE) on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 during liver regeneration induced by 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in rat. Methods Forty-eight male rats (SD, 7 weeks) had surgery (70% PH). They were randomly divided into two groups. PH + PNE group was only provided PNE diluted in water (10%) for drinking and PH group was provided water from 5 days before surgery to the time of sacrifice. PNE was made by pressing and filtering. Animals were sacrificed at 12h, 24h, 36h, 60h, 84h, 168h after PH, respectively. The expressions of PCNA and Ki-67 were determined as proliferation indices. Results Immunohistochemistry turned out to increase the expression of PCNA and Ki-67. PCNA expression of PH+PNE group increased up to twice of that of PH group. Western blot also seemed to increase the PCNA expression. These results indicated the promotion of cell proliferation in liver tissue and hepatic regeneration. Conclusions Pine needle extract stimulates the expression of some mitotic proteins during liver regeneration induced by 70% PH in rats. It suggests that administration of pine needle extract could accelerate the liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.