Globalization and carbon emissions: Is there any role of agriculture value-added, financial development, and natural resource rent in the aftermath of COP21?

Keeping in view the catastrophic effects of environmental degradation, G7 countries agree to implement the policy recommendations of the famous Paris Climate Agreement (COP21) in 2015; carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are increasing in G7 countries, which is a severe threat for the environment of the world. This study examines the effects of economic globalization on environmental degradation (CO2 emissions) for G7 countries for the period of 1996-2017. We further examine the role of financial development, agriculture value-added, and natural resources in the relationship between economic globalization and CO2 emissions. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing new empirical evidence on how economic globalization, along with financial development, agriculture value-added, and natural resources affect CO2 emissions in G7 economies. This study utilizes novel econometric techniques such as CS-ARDL for short-run and long-run results of the empirical analysis. The empirical findings show that economic globalization, financial development, and natural resources increase carbon emissions. In contrast, agriculture value-added decreases carbon emissions. This study suggests that policies designed for controlling carbon emissions should be absorbed in approximately more than one year.

Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma arising from a dermoid cyst: a rare malignancy in young women and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: Benign or mature cystic teratomas, also known as dermoid cysts, are composed of mature tissues, which can contain elements of all three germ cell layers. Malignant transformation of a mature cystic teratoma is more common in postmenopausal women, however, it can also, rarely, be identified in younger women. We present a case of a 19-year-old woman with malignant transformation of an ovarian mature cystic teratoma. CASE REPORT: Our case was a 19-year-old woman, who was diagnosed postoperatively with follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma in a mature cystic teratoma. She underwent right cystectomy for adnexal mass. Postoperative metastatic workup revealed a non-metastatic disease and the patient did not undergo any further treatment. After 2 months, a near-total thyroidectomy was performed. Serum thyroglobulin levels were monitored on follow-up and the patient is asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Malignant transformation of a dermoid cyst is a rare ovarian neoplasm. We believe that unilateral oophorectomy or cystectomy is a reasonable treatment option for cases in which there is no evidence of capsular invasion, vascular invasion or gross metastasis, and preservation of fertility is desired. Total thyroidectomy was diagnosed in selected cases. Serial serum thyroglobulin should be used as a tumor marker for follow-up.