The relationship between premature ejaculation and the timing of pre-adult circumcision.

We aimed to investigate the relationship between premature ejaculation and the age when men had been circumcised before adulthood. A total of 2,768 sexually active male patients aged between 18 and 65 years were included in this study. A multicentre study was conducted prospectively with the participation of 20 centres. A survey consisting of 12 questions prepared by the researchers, as well as the validated Turkish versions of the five-item Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool, was administered to all participants. The study included 1,603 participants who met the inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool and self-reported ejaculation time between the participants who had been circumcised at different ages during childhood. Remembering circumcision experience with fear or anxiety did not increase the risk of sexual dysfunction compared to the participants who described their experience with happiness or with no particular emotion. There was no significant difference in Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool scores or the self-reported ejaculation time of the participants circumcised at different ages. The age of childhood circumcision, having a fearful or anxious circumcision experience, does not affect the risk of premature ejaculation in adult life.

First worldwide correction of ventral Peyronie's disease utilizing rigicon inflatable penile prosthesis combined with plaque incision & grafting with collagen fleece (PICS-technique) for residual curvature.

Adjunctive residual curvature correction by plaque incision and grafting with a sutureless graft during inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation in patients with Peyronie's disease (PD) is our preferred technique. The PICS Technique (Penile Implant in Combination with the Sealing Technique) uses a self-adhesive collagen fleece (TachoSil®, Corza Medical, MA, USA) to cover the defect after plaque incision. The graft does not require sutures improving operative speed and avoiding needle stick of the implant cylinders. In this article, we present the first known application worldwide of a Rigicon Infla10® X (Rigicon, Ronkonkoma, NY, USA) device to Peyronie's ventral curvature. The patient's residual curvature of 80° after implantation was corrected by PICS through an additional subcoronal incision. At the conclusion of surgery, the penis was totally straight and rigid. No intra- and postoperative complications occurred. At the early follow-up of 12 weeks postoperatively, the patient was able to inflate and deflate the device and sexual intercourse was possible. A combination of the Rigicon Infla10® X and the PICS Technique represents a safe and successful approach for residual curvature correction during IPP in patients with ventral Peyronie's curvature. The Rigicon Infla10® X device showed excellent rigidity, and controlled expansion of the X cylinders means it can be used with the PICS Technique without restrictions. Early results are promising. Long-term follow-up and more patients are needed.

Penile fracture: Tertiary care center experience and long-term complications after immediate repair.

BACKGROUND: In the literature, there is not sufficient data on factors affecting the development of complications in patients with penile fracture after early surgical intervention. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the predictors of long-term complications in patients who underwent immediate surgical repair for penile fracture. MATERIALS/METHODS: This clinical study included a total of 31 cases of penile fracture in which surgical treatment was performed within the first 24 h and penile fracture was confirmed during the operation. The patients with and without late complications were compared in terms of parameters such as age, tear size of the tunica albuginea of the penis, bilateral involvement of the corpora cavernosa involvement, urethral injuries, and duration from penile fracture to surgery. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 42 years (interquartile range: 34-51 years). The median time from penile fracture to surgery was 13 h (8-18 h). The median tear size was 16 mm (11-21 mm). Late complications were seen in 13 (41.9%) patients in the post-operative period. Erectile dysfunction developed in five (16.1%) patients in the post-operative period. There was no statistically significant relationship between age, tear size, time from penile fracture to surgery, and bilateral corporeal involvement in terms of erectile dysfunction development. Painful erections, penile deviations, urethral strictures, tunical scars, and re-fracture were the other late complications. There was a significant relationship between the development of any complication and time from penile fracture to surgery (p = 0.028) and tear size (p = 0.031). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis of complication development, the cut-off value for the time from penile fracture to surgery was 13.5 h. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We found that the longer time interval between penile fracture and surgery worsened the patient outcomes. In addition, tear size was determined to be a predictor for long-term complications. In our opinion, early treatment of penile fracture can prevent severe complications in these cases.

Standards for clinical trials in male sexual dysfunctions.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical trials in male sexual dysfunction (MSD) are expanding. Consequently, there is a need for consensus standards in this area. AIM: To develop an evidence-based, state-of-the-art consensus report on standards for clinical trials in MSD. METHODS: A literature review was performed examining clinical trials in erectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation (PE), delayed/absent ejaculation, libido disorders/loss of desire, hypogonadism, and Peyronie's disease, focusing on publications published in the last 20 years. This manuscript represents the opinions of eight experts from seven countries developed in a consensus process. This document was presented for peer review and debate in a public forum and revisions were made based on recommendations of chairpersons to the International Consultation on Sexual Medicine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Expert opinion was based on the grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate. RESULTS: According to experience and recent publications in dealing with clinical trials in sexual dysfunction, recommendations have been made for conducting trials in patients with ED, PE, delayed ejaculation, libido disorders, hypogonadism, and Peyronie's disease. CONCLUSIONS: It is important that future clinical trials are conducted using standards upon which investigators can rely when reading manuscripts or conducting new trials in this field.

Penile Mondor disease and its effect on erectile function: results of 30 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment outcomes among patients diagnosed with penile Mondor disease and to evaluate the effect of the disease on erectile function. METHODS: A total of 30 patients diagnosed with penile Mondor disease were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent physical examination and penile Doppler ultrasonography and filled in the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire at regular intervals. Pharmacotherapy was started when penile Mondor disease was diagnosed. After the data were confirmed to be normally distributed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the differences between the 3 IIEF-5 scores were evaluated using repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni tests. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 34.3 years (range, 25-48 years). Ten patients had prolonged sexual intercourse, 4 had recent intestinal infection history, 2 had recent long-haul flights, 1 had sickle cell anemia, and 2 had penile trauma caused by sexual intercourse. Nine patients were considered idiopathic. Mean IIEF-5 scores at the baseline and at 1- and 2-month follow-ups were 20.87, 20.07, and 20.93, respectively. Although no significant difference was found between the baseline and the 2-month follow-up IIEF-5 scores, significant differences between the baseline and the 1-month (P = .004) and the 1- and 2-month follow-up IIEF-5 scores (P = .0001) were detected. CONCLUSION: Penile Mondor disease is a rare complication that can be successfully treated with medical therapy and conservative approach. Our series showed that penile Mondor's disease does not lead to permanent deformation of the penis or erectile dysfunction.

Types of HLA in the bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).

HLA plays a complementary role in the interaction between tumor and body immunology. The aim of this study was to determine the existence of the association between the HLA system and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Using standard micro-lymphocytotoxic method of Terasaki, HLA-A, B, DR and DQ antigen types of 30 patients with TCC of the bladder were compared with the control group (30 healthy people). In the TCC patient group, HLA -DQ6(1) and HLA -DQ7(3) antigens were detected with a significantly higher frequency than in the control group (p=0.018 and p=0.038, respectively), whereas HLA-A10, B4, DR53 and DQ1 antigens were detected with significantly higher frequency in the control group (p less 0.05 in all). It suggests that patients who had the antigens detected were at higher risk of TCC, and the ones who had the antigens displaying protective features as were detected in the control group, were at lesser risk.

The relationship between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and renal cell carcinoma.

Etiologies of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) are not clear despite of the fact that many risk factors have been suggested. Especially in high stages RCC can affect the immune system in various ways. Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) may play a complementary role in the activation between the tumor and immunity. Our aim was to determine the existence of the relationship between HLA system and RCC. By using the standard microlymphocytotoxic method of Terasaki in our study, the HLA A, B, DR and DQ antigen types of 20 patients with RCC Stage T1 and T2 were compared with the control group consisting of healthy 30 people. In our RCC patient group, HLA-A23(9) and DQ7(3) antigens were significantly higher than the control group statistically (p=0.005, p=0.0028; respectively). HLA-A10, DQ1, DR10 and B44 antigens were significantly higher in the control group than the patient group (p=0.011; for all).The findings made us suggest that the people, carrying the antigens which were detected in the patient group, were at high risk for RCC and the people, carrying the protective antigens that were detected in the control group were at less risk for RCC. There may be a dramatic regression for the patients who underwent immunotherapy and HLA expression, which is known to play role in tumor biology, may direct the effects of immunotherapeutic agents. Immunologic description and destruction is avoided in case of change or disappearance of HLA expression by cancer cells. Further investigations which will be performed in our population in the future will be more illuminating to confirm those results. We have concluded that, HLA profiles may be evaluated for detection the people at risk of RCC, the prognosis of the patients and their treatments.

Paraffinoma and ulcer of the external genitalia after self-injection of vaseline.

We present a 42-year-old circumcised man with a 10-cm firm, irregular penile mass associated with multiple penile ulcers, voiding difficulty, and erectile dysfunction. He reluctantly admitted that 8 months previously, he had multiple mineral-oil (vaseline) self-injections to the penis, for penile enlargement purposes. Histopathological examination revealed the condition was consistent with mineral-oil granuloma (paraffinoma). The patient did not accept surgical intervention; therefore, we performed local therapy (intralesional triamcinolone) and hot-water baths. Paraffinoma results from mineral-oil injections. Such injections are rare; however, they are still being performed in some countries in Eastern Europe and the Far East such as Korea. Increased physician and public awareness are needed for prevention and treatment of complications of this physically and psychologically debilitating and destructive problem.

Are there any factors predicting the cure and complication rates of tension-free vaginal tape?

Predictive factors that could possibly affect the cure and complication rates of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were investigated. Seventy-five consecutive patients with urodynamically proven SUI and who had undergone a TVT operation were evaluated according to a follow-up protocol. Median age was 51.2 (33-69). Thirteen (17%) of the patients had had previous anti-incontinence surgery. Sixteen (21%) patients had complained of pure stress and 59 (79%) of mixed incontinence. Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) values had been found to be below 60 cmH(2)O in 36 (48%) and over 60 cmH(2)O in 39 (52%) patients, while detrusor overactivity (DO) had been detected in six (8%) patients during urodynamic evaluation. Local, general, and epidural anesthesia had been performed in 43 (57%), 29 (39%), and three (4%) patients, respectively. Univariate analyses were done using Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests. Multivariate analyses were done using logistic regression test to determine predictive factors affecting cure and complication rates. Mean surgical and hospitalization times were 34.7 min (20-70) and 1.2 days (1-5), respectively. Mean follow-up was 21.6 months (6-38). Cure and improvement rates were 89 and 8%, respectively. Thirty-one complications were observed in 27 (36%) patients. Intraoperative bladder perforation and bleeding occurred in three (4%) and two (3%) patients, respectively. Sixty-six (88%) patients voided spontaneously after TVT while nine (12%) performed clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) for a period of time. Seven of nine patients regained the spontaneous voiding ability within 1 month. The tape was cut in two of these retentive patients and one with severe storage lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) either unilaterally or bilaterally. On univariate (Fisher's exact test, p =0.018), and multivariate (Logistic regression, p =0.013) analyses, patient age was the only statistically significant parameter affecting the cure rate, which was significantly lower particularly over 55 years of age. No significant factor predicting the complications was detected. TVT is an effective and safe surgical procedure in the treatment of SUI. In this study age was the only significant predictive factor affecting the cure rate while no significant factor predicting the complications was detected. Cure rate was significantly lower in patients over 55 years of age.

Prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction in Turkey: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVES: Epidemiologic data indicate that erectile dysfunction (ED) is a significant problem among men worldwide. However, data do not exist for Turkish men. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and sociodemographic, medical, and lifestyle correlates of ED in Turkey. METHODS: Information was gathered via physician-conducted interviews using a validated questionnaire. Respondents self-rated their ED as "none," "minimal," "moderate," or "severe". Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed on data from a stratified random sample of 1982 men aged > or = 40 years to quantify the associations between ED and potential covariates. RESULTS: The age-adjusted overall prevalence of ED in Turkey was 69.2% (mild 33.2%, moderate 27.5%, severe 8.5%) and increased with age, as did severity of ED. When we consider moderate + severe ED cases, the prevalence is 36%. In a multivariate model, increased prevalence of moderate or severe ED was significantly associated with age, residence in eastern Turkey; low educational level; unemployment; or underlying diabetes, hypertension, depression, prostate problems or lower urinary tract symptoms. Conversely, residence in southern Turkey, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and higher income were significantly associated with decreased prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: ED affects a high proportion of Turkish men aged > or = 40 years, is correlated with a number of serious medical conditions and the frequency increases with age.

Peyronie's disease.

INTRODUCTION: Peyronie's disease is a sexual medicine condition that may adversely affect male sexual function. AIM: To provide expert opinions/recommendations concerning state-of-the-art knowledge for the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of Peyronie's disease. METHODS: An International Consultation in collaboration with the major urology and sexual medicine associations assembled over 200 multidisciplinary experts from 60 countries into 17 committees. Committee members established specific objectives and scopes for various male and female sexual medicine topics. The recommendations concerning state-of-the-art knowledge in the respective sexual medicine topic represent the opinion of experts from five continents developed in a scientific and debate process. Concerning the Peyronnie's disease committee, there were 10 experts from six countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Expert opinions/recommendations are based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, extensive internal committee discussion over 2 years, public presentation and deliberation. RESULTS: Peyronie's disease is characterized by an inflammatory response beneath the tunica albuginea with fibroblast proliferation forming a thickened fibrous plaque that may cause penile pain, penile curvature and erectile dysfunction. Medical treatments have been described but few prospective controlled trials have revealed significant clinical benefits. Surgical treatments (penile plication, Nesbit excision, plaque incision and grafting and penile prosthesis insertion) should be considered after Peyronie's disease has stabilized. Surgical outcome studies reveal that a stable deformity is best corrected with the least postoperative ED by a Nesbit procedure. Plaque incision and grafting should be reserved for men with good erectile function and marked penile shortening although there is a higher prevalence of postoperative ED. Implantation of a penile prosthesis is an excellent option for men with an accompanying erectile deficit. CONCLUSIONS: Safe and effective treatments for Peyronie's disease examined by prospective, placebo-controlled, multi-institutional clinical trials are needed.

Priapism.

INTRODUCTION: There are three different types of priapism: low-flow, ischemic, anoxic or veno-occlusive priapism; high-flow, arterial or nonischemic priapism; and recurrent or stuttering priapism. AIM: To provide recommendations/guidelines concerning state-of-the-art knowledge for the diagnosis and treatment of priapism. METHODS: An International Consultation in collaboration with the major urology and sexual medicine associations assembled over 200 multidisciplinary experts from 60 countries into 17 committees. Committee members established specific objectives and scopes for various male and female sexual medicine topics. The recommendations concerning state-of-the-art knowledge in the respective sexual medicine topic represent the opinion of experts from five continents developed in a process over a 2-year period. Concerning the Priapism Committee, there were 10 experts from six countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation and debate. RESULTS: Concerning ischemic priapism, persistent cavernous smooth muscle relaxation and failure of contraction is a compartment syndrome with increasing intracavernosal anoxia, rising pCO2 and acidosis. Urgent medical attention should be sought for an erection lasting >4 hours; 90% with priapism >24 hours develop complete erectile dysfunction. After diagnosis and counselling, intracavernosal aspiration and alpha-blockers should precede surgical shunting. Concerning high-flow priapism (congenital, traumatic or iatrogenic), intervention is not urgent and often unnecessary. Definitive management is by selective embolization with autologous blood clot. Concerning recurrent/stuttering priapism, the pathophysiology may be central or local (sickle cell disease). Management needs to be individualized; androgen deprivation has proved useful but has adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: There is need for prospective, clinical trials to define safe and effective management strategies for patients with low-flow, high-flow or recurrent priapism.