Exodeviation compensated for by dragged macula: pseudo-exodeviation.

Dragged macula is a manifestation of several ophthalmic conditions. We present a 25-years-old male with dragged macula in the right eye, good vision in both eyes, and pseudo-exodeviation of 45 prism diopter without diplopia. We tried to correlate between the degree of pseudo-deviation and the distant of the fovea from its expected original position.

Fenethylline as a possible etiology for retinal vein occlusion.

We are report 3 cases of hemorrhagic central retina vein occlusion following continuous use of fenethylline hydrochloride. The hemorrhage, the edema and the engorged veins showed marked improvement after discontinuing the drug and laser supplement in one case.

Increased pressure after paracentesis of the rabbit eye is completely accounted for by prostaglandin synthesis and release plus pupillary block.

Paracentesis of the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye results in hyperemia, increased protein in the aqueous, elevated intraocular pressure, and miosis. Aspirin does not affect miosis but attenuates the pressure and protein response by about 60%. Pupillary block resulting from miosis aggravates the rise in intraocular pressure (as does mydriasis). Pretreatment with aspirin plus iridectomy virtually eliminates the elevation of intraocular pressure consequent to paracentesis.

Rise in lens temperature on exposure to sunlight or high ambient temperature.

The effect of increase ambient temperature and sunlight on the temperatures of the rabbit lens and posterior chamber (PC) aqueous humour was measured by needle thermistor probes while the rectal temperature was monitored. Exposure of rabbits to sunlight (35 degrees-42 degrees C), in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, resulted in significant temperature increases in PC (4.3 degrees C), lens (3.2 degrees C), and rectum (2.3 degrees C). Returning animals to the shade resulted in a progressive decrease in the temperatures of the PC or lens in the tested eye, but repeating exposure to sunlight resulted in significant increases of the baseline (PC) temperature (increase 2.68 degrees C) of the second eye. Exposure of rabbits to sunlight at 49 degrees C in Chandigarh, India, resulted in increased PC temperature of 4.48 degrees C after 9 minutes. Increased PC and lens temperatures after exposure to sunlight are due both to an ambient temperature effect through the cornea and to increased body temperature. In dry and hot tropical areas of the world temperature increases in the lens after exposure to sunlight may initiate or accelerate the formation of senile cataracts.

Anophthalmos and first branchial arch defects.

The association of unilateral mandibulofacial dysostosis and anophthalmos at the same side is reported. The proband presented at the age of six months with: right anophthalmos and hypoplasia of the orbit at the same side, hypoplasia of the right mandible and maxilla, right external ear deformity, cyanotic heart disease, hemivertebrae, cataract and corneal opacity in the left eye. This case shows the maximal effect of the abnormal development of the first branchial arch (the mandible, maxilla, and ears) on the globe and the orbit. The other end of the spectrum in which the minimal effect on the globe was present (unilateral absence of choriocapillaris and retinal pigment epithelium inferiorly) was reported by Cotlier & Alghadyan in 1981. This supports the concept that abnormal development of the mandible may influence the development of the orbit and the globe. The extent of the influence of the abnormal developing first branchial arch on the eye is discussed.