When does imagery rescripting become a double-edged sword? - Investigating the risk of memory distortion through imagery rescripting in an online Trauma film study.

Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) has proven effective in reducing involuntary emotional memories. However, it is unclear whether and when it may lead to reduced accuracy of voluntary memory. Although previous analogue studies suggest that ImRs does not pose a general risk regarding memory distortion, it can not be ruled out that ImRs could cause memory impairment under certain risk conditions. In our three-day online trauma film study we investigated in a healthy sample (N = 267) whether specific instructions during ImRs as typically provided in clinical practice (i.e., detailed imagery with a sensory focus) increase the risk of memory distortions. Additionally, we examined whether the completeness of the original memory moderates these instruction effects. Contrary to our expectations, a sensory focus during ImRs was associated with higher memory accuracy in a recognition task, independently of the quality of the original memory. These results extend previous findings by suggesting that ImRs does not even impair memory performance when the quality of the original memory is poor and when the production of sensory-rich images is specifically encouraged. Our results question current practices employed to assess witness statement credibility, which are partly based on concerns that trauma-focused interventions like ImRs undermine memory accuracy.

Food and lifestyle impact on breath VOCs using portable mass spectrometer-pilot study across European countries.

In the modern world, many people are changing old dietary and lifestyle habits to improve the quality of their living-to treat or just prevent possible diseases. The main goal of this pilot study was to assess the food and lifestyle impact on exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in various population groups. It was done by employing a recently validated portable membrane-inlet mass spectrometer-MIMS. Thus, the obtained results would also represent the additional confirmation for the employment of the new instrument in the breath analysis. The pilot study involved 151 participants across Europe, including people with overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, people with poor-quality diet and professional athletes. Exhaled breath acetone, ethanol, isoprene, and n-pentane levels were determined in samples before the meal, and 120 min after the meal. Obtained basal ppbvvalues were mainly in accordance with previously reported, which confirms that MIMS instrument can be used in the breath analysis. Combining the quantified levels along with the information about the participants' lifestyle habits collected via questionnaire, an assessment of the food and lifestyle impact was obtained. Notable alteration in examined VOC levels upon meal consumption was detected in more than 70% of all participants, with exception for isoprene, which was affected in about half of participants. Lifestyle parameters impact was examined using statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) on ranks test. Statistically significant differences in basal breath VOC levels were observed among all examined population groups. Also, n-pentane and ethanol levels significantly differed in people of different ages, as well as acetone levels in people with different physical activity habits. These findings are promising for further, more focused research using MIMS technique in breath analysis.

Linking Antimicrobial Potential of Natural Products Derived from Aquatic Organisms and Microbes Involved in Alzheimer's Disease - A Review.

The following review is oriented towards microbes linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and antimicrobial effect of compounds and extracts derived from aquatic organisms against specific bacteria, fungi and viruses which were found previously in patients suffering from AD. Major group of microbes linked to AD include bacteria: Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Actinomyces naeslundii, spirochete group; fungi: Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., Saccharomyces sp., Malassezia sp., Botrytis sp., and viruses: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the light of that fact, this review is the first to link antimicrobial potential of aquatic organisms against these sorts of microbes. This literature review might serve as a starting platform to develop novel supportive therapy for patients suffering from AD and to possibly prevent escalation of the disease in patients already having high-risk factors for AD occurrence.