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1.
Eur J Appl Physiol ; 124(7): 1969-1977, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38300319

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Electric bikes (EB) are a form of active transportation with demonstrated health benefits. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of riding an EB for one week on indices of cardiometabolic health in middle-aged adults. METHODS: Adults (n = 22; age = 57.1 ± 11.3 year; BMI = 27.7 ± 4.9) participated in a 2 week study. During Week 1, participants were instructed to continue regular activities. Starting Week 2 participants were provided an EB to ride at least 3 days for a minimum of 30 min·day-1. Physical activity (PA) and glucose were measured continuously. Body composition, blood lipids, glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) were measured on days 1 and 14.Data and Statistical analyses or Statistics. Each participant served as their own control. Paired t-tests compared dependent variables between week 1 (without EB) and week 2 (with EB). RESULTS: When provided an EB for one week, moderate to vigorous PA increased by 6-9 min·day-1 (P < 0.05) and sedentary time decreased by ~ 77 min·day-1 (P < 0.05). Data from 24 h continuous glucose monitoring showed the percentage of time in healthy range (70-120 mg·dl-1 glucose) increased (P < 0.05) from week 1 to week 2. Compared to day 1, cf-PWV was lower at day 14 (P < 0.05) following one week of riding an EB. CONCLUSION: Moderately-active, middleaged adults showed improved continuous glucose regulation and lower central arterial stiffness following one week of riding an EB.


Assuntos
Glicemia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Glicemia/metabolismo , Ciclismo/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Insulina/sangue , Idoso , Adulto , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Lipídeos/sangue , Endotelina-1/sangue
2.
J Sports Sci ; 41(9): 850-858, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37493083

RESUMO

Reduction of blood flow to the limb using cuffs before or during exercise has become increasingly popular for training and rehabilitation. Our study tested the effects of cuff brand/width on pressures required to reach limb occlusion pressure (LOP) and developed, cross-validated, and compared accuracy of two LOP prediction equations to previously created methods. Supine LOP was determined in the distal popliteal artery using four different cuff brands/widths in 23 adult participants. Participants then had demographic and resting variables assessed, and two LOP prediction equations were developed from these variables and were compared to five previously developed models and a method using posterior tibial artery palpation for LOP assessment in an independent sample (n = 14 adult runners). For cuff comparison, the widest two cuffs had significantly lower LOP (mean ~149 mmHg) than the narrowest cuffs (mean ~176 mmHg), with the narrowest cuff unable to reach LOP. The eight methods used to predict LOP ranged in accuracy (mean absolute percent errors 3.9-23.0%), with highest accuracy in equations using mean arterial pressure (MAP) and BMI. Practitioners using blood flow reduction methods should be consistent with cuff use due to demonstrated differences across brands/widths. Equations using MAP and BMI appear best for prediction of leg LOP.


Assuntos
Hemodinâmica , Extremidade Inferior , Adulto , Humanos , Pressão , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Exercício Físico , Pressão Sanguínea
3.
Int J Food Sci Nutr ; 74(1): 22-32, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36476219

RESUMO

This study determined accuracy (comparing to criterion), inter-plate reliability (comparing measures between two plates), and intra-plate reliability (comparing successive measures on one plate) of the SmartPlate for food weight and type. Food weight validation included comparing SmartPlate weights to criterion [reference] scale weights (1,980 measures) and weights of 188 foods (2,256 measures). Food type validation included assessing SmartPlate accuracy for 188 foods. For weight, mean absolute percent errors for accuracy, inter-plate reliability, and intra-plate reliability were 6.2, 7.4, and 4.9%, respectively. For food type, foods were correctly identified/listed or searchable 67.0 or 98.9% of the time, respectively, with 76.0% inter-plate reliability and 86.3% intra-plate reliability. The SmartPlate had acceptable accuracy and reliability for assessing food weight and type and may be appealing for monitoring dietary surveillance or intervention. Due to high intra-plate reliability, the SmartPlate may be especially useful for one-on-one interventions and assessing change over time.


Assuntos
Dieta , Alimentos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Registros de Dieta
4.
Clin Auton Res ; 32(6): 507-518, 2022 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35999422

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To quantify associations between self-recorded heart rate variability (HRV) profiles and various health and lifestyle markers in young adults. METHODS: Otherwise healthy volunteers (n = 40, 50% male) recorded 60-s, post-waking HRV with a cost-free mobile application in supine and standing positions for 7 days. The 7-day average and coefficient of variation (CV, reflects daily fluctuation) for the mean RR interval and root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD) were assessed. 7-day sleep duration and physical activity profiles were characterized via wrist-worn accelerometer. Subsequent laboratory assessments included aerobic fitness ([Formula: see text]O2peak) and markers of cardiovascular, metabolic, and psychoemotional health. Associations were evaluated before and after [Formula: see text]O2peak adjustment. RESULTS: Bivariate correlations (P < 0.05) demonstrated that higher 7-day averages and/or lower CV values were associated with higher activity levels and superior cardiovascular (lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure [BP] and aortic stiffness [cf-PWV]), metabolic (lower body fat percentage, fasting glucose, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]), and psychoemotional health (lower perceived stress) markers, with some variation between sexes and recording position. In males, associations between HRV parameters and cf-PWV remained significant following [Formula: see text]O2peak adjustment (P < 0.05). In females, HRV parameters were associated (P < 0.05) with numerous cardiovascular (systolic and diastolic BP, cf-PWV) and metabolic (fasting glucose and LDL-C) parameters following [Formula: see text]O2peak adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Higher or more stable supine and standing HRV were generally associated with superior health and lifestyle markers in males and females. These findings lay groundwork for future investigation into the usefulness of self-recorded ultra-short HRV as a health-promoting behavior-modification tool in young adults.


Assuntos
Estilo de Vida , Rigidez Vascular , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , LDL-Colesterol , Biomarcadores , Glucose
5.
Prev Chronic Dis ; 19: E18, 2022 04 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35420981

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity (PA) guidelines aimed at accumulating 10,000 steps per day have become increasingly common with the advent of wristband PA monitors. However, accumulated steps measured with wristband PA monitors may not be equal to steps measured with validated, hip-worn pedometers. Consequently, evaluating and developing guidelines for step counts using wristband PA monitors for the general population is needed. We compared step counts accumulated with hip-worn pedometers with those accumulated with wrist-worn activity monitors during 1) treadmill exercise, 2) treadmill walking, and 3) activities of daily living (ADL) to determine their accuracy in meeting step count guidelines (ie, 10,000 steps/d). METHODS: Eighty-six adults (aged 18-65 y; body mass index, 19-45 kg/m2) completed 30 minutes of treadmill exercise while simultaneously using a hip-worn pedometer and wrist-worn PA monitor. Remaining steps needed to reach 10,000 steps (ie, 10,000 steps minus the number of pedometer steps recorded from treadmill exercise = remainder) were completed via treadmill walking or ADL. Steps were recorded for both devices after treadmill exercise, treadmill walking, and ADL for both devices. RESULTS: Fewer steps were accumulated via wrist-worn PA monitors than via hip-worn pedometers during treadmill exercise (3,552 [SD, 63] steps vs 3,790 [SD, 55] steps, P < .01) and treadmill walking (5,877 [SD, 83] steps vs 6,243 [SD, 49] steps, P < .01). More steps were accumulated via wrist-worn PA monitors than hip-worn pedometers during ADL (7,695 [SD, 207] steps vs 6,309 [SD, 57] steps, P < .01). Consequently, total steps were significantly higher for wristband PA monitors than hip-worn pedometers (11,247 [SD, 210] steps vs 10,099 [SD, 39] steps; P < .01). CONCLUSION: The widely used 10,000-step recommendation may not be accurate for all users of all activity monitors, given the discrepancy in daily step count among wrist-worn and hip-worn devices. Having a more accurate indication of number of steps taken per day based on the device used could have positive effects on health.


Assuntos
Atividades Cotidianas , Punho , Acelerometria , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Exercício Físico , Humanos , Caminhada
6.
J Sports Sci ; 40(21): 2393-2400, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36576125

RESUMO

Identifying the best analytical approach for capturing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using accelerometry is complex but inconsistent approaches employed in research and surveillance limits comparability. We illustrate the use of a consensus method that pools estimates from multiple approaches for characterising MVPA using accelerometry. Participants (n = 30) wore an accelerometer on their right hip during two laboratory visits. Ten individual classification methods estimated minutes of MVPA, including cut-point, two-regression, and machine learning approaches, using open-source count and raw inputs and several epoch lengths. Results were averaged to derive the consensus estimate. Mean MVPA ranged from 33.9-50.4 min across individual methods, but only one (38.9 min) was statistically equivalent to the criterion of direct observation (38.2 min). The consensus estimate (39.2 min) was equivalent to the criterion (even after removal of the one individual method that was equivalent to the criterion), had a smaller mean absolute error (4.2 min) compared to individual methods (4.9-12.3 min), and enabled the estimation of participant-level variance (mean standard deviation: 7.7 min). The consensus method allows for addition/removal of methods depending on data availability or field progression and may improve accuracy and comparability of device-based MVPA estimates while limiting variability due to convergence between estimates.


Assuntos
Acelerometria , Quadril , Humanos , Adulto , Consenso , Acelerometria/métodos , Coleta de Dados , Exercício Físico
7.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr ; 71(5): 617-623, 2020 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33093368

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Intestinal transplantation is an option for permanent intestinal failure with parenteral nutrition intolerance. We sought to determine long-term intestinal graft survival in pediatric patients at our center and to identify factors influencing survival. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 86 patients transplanted between 2003 and 2013, targeting potential explanatory variables related to demographics, perioperative factors, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Intestinal graft survival was 71% and 65% after 5 and 10 years, respectively. Five-year graft survival was attained in 79% of patients with a history of anatomic intestinal failure compared with 45% with functional intestinal failure (P = 0.0055). Compared with nonsurvival, 5-year graft survival was also associated with reduced incidences of graft-versus-host disease (2% vs 16%, P = 0.0237), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (3% vs 24%, P = 0.0067), and de novo donor-specific antibodies (19% vs 57%, P = 0.0451) plus a lower donor-recipient weight ratio (median 0.727 vs 0.923, P = 0.0316). Factors not associated with 5-year intestinal graft survival included graft rejection of any severity and inclusion of a liver graft. Factors associated with graft survival at 10 years were similar to those at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, outcomes in pediatric intestinal transplantation have improved substantially for anatomic but not functional intestinal failure. Graft survival depends on avoidance of severe infectious and immunological complications including GVHD, whereas inclusion of a liver graft provides no obvious survival benefit. Reduced success with functional intestinal failure may reflect inherently increased susceptibility to complications in this group.


Assuntos
Rejeição de Enxerto , Transplante de Fígado , Criança , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Lactente , Intestinos , Estudos Retrospectivos
8.
Dig Dis Sci ; 65(1): 189-203, 2020 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31297627

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common inflammatory liver condition that may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Risk factors for NASH include a saturated fat diet, altered lipid metabolism, and genetic and epigenetic factors, including microRNAs. Serum levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) are elevated in mice and humans that consume a high-saturated fat diet. CCK receptors (CCK-Rs) have been reported on fibroblasts which when activated can induce fibrosis; however, their role in hepatic fibrosis remains unknown. We hypothesized that elevated levels of CCK acting on the CCK-Rs play a role in the development of NASH and in NASH-associated HCC. METHODS: We performed a NASH Prevention study and Reversal study in mice fed a saturated fat 75% choline-deficient-ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet for 12 or 18 weeks. In each study, half of the mice received untreated drinking water, while the other half received water supplemented with the CCK-R antagonist proglumide. CCK-R expression was evaluated in mouse liver and murine HCC cells. RESULTS: CCK receptor antagonist treatment not only prevented NASH but also reversed hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis and normalized hepatic transaminases after NASH was established. Thirty-five percent of the mice on the CDE diet developed HCC compared with none in the proglumide-treated group. We found that CCK-BR expression was markedly upregulated in mouse CDE liver and HCC cells compared with normal hepatic parenchymal cells, and this expression was epigenetically regulated by microRNA-148a. CONCLUSION: These results support the novel role of CCK receptors in the pathogenesis of NASH and HCC.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/prevenção & controle , Antagonistas de Hormônios/farmacologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/prevenção & controle , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/prevenção & controle , Proglumida/farmacologia , Receptor de Colecistocinina B/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Deficiência de Colina/complicações , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Epigênese Genética , Etionina , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/etiologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/patologia , Receptor de Colecistocinina B/genética , Receptor de Colecistocinina B/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais
9.
J Sports Sci ; 38(24): 2794-2802, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32755446

RESUMO

ActiGraph accelerometers are frequently used to characterize physical activity, but free-living cross-generational comparability of newer models has not been verified. Participants (N = 70) wore GT9X and wGT3X-BT accelerometers at the hip and a sub-sample (n = 54) wore GT9X and either wGT3X-BT or GT3X+ monitors at each wrist for 4 days. Vector magnitude (VM) counts, VM acceleration, Mean Amplitude Deviation (MAD), and Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO) were calculated (60-s epoch), and cut-points were used to determine percent of time spent in each intensity (sedentary/light, moderate, vigorous). Epoch-level correlation coefficients (r) were ≥0.73, and weighted kappa for intensity classifications ranged from 0.71 (ENMO, hip) to 0.98 (VM counts, non-dominant wrist). Monitors were equivalent for all outcomes, except ENMO (all locations/monitors), percent of time spent in sedentary/light (hip) and moderate (hip and non-dominant wrist) activity as classified by ENMO-based cut-points, and vigorous activity as classified by VM count cut-points (non-dominant wrist; p > 0.05). While epoch-level data were not identical, most outcomes were strongly related between models (e.g., MAD, VM) and equivalent once reduced to percent of time spent in each intensity. However, monitor output was not equivalent for the acceleration-based metric ENMO, suggesting that caution should be exercised when comparing this outcome among ActiGraph models.


Assuntos
Actigrafia/instrumentação , Exercício Físico , Monitores de Aptidão Física , Comportamento Sedentário , Actigrafia/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Desenho de Equipamento , Lateralidade Funcional , Quadril , Humanos , Fatores de Tempo , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Punho
10.
J Sports Sci ; 38(22): 2569-2578, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32677510

RESUMO

Despite recent popularity of wrist-worn accelerometers for assessing free-living physical behaviours, there is a lack of user-friendly methods to characterize physical activity from a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer. Participants in this study completed a laboratory protocol and/or 3-8 hours of directly observed free-living (criterion measure of activity intensity) while wearing ActiGraph GT9X Link accelerometers on the right hip and non-dominant wrist. All laboratory data (n = 36) and 11 participants' free-living data were used to develop vector magnitude count cut-points (counts/min) for activity intensity for the wrist-worn accelerometer, and 12 participants' free-living data were used to cross-validate cut-point accuracy. The cut-points were: <2,860 counts/min (sedentary); 2,860-3,940 counts/min (light); and ≥3,941counts/min (moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA)). These cut-points had an accuracy of 70.8% for assessing free-living activity intensity, whereas Sasaki/Freedson cut-points for the hip accelerometer had an accuracy of 77.1%, and Hildebrand Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO) cut-points for the wrist accelerometer had an accuracy of 75.2%. While accuracy was higher for a hip-worn accelerometer and for ENMO wrist cut-points, the high wear compliance of wrist accelerometers shown in past work and the ease of use of count-based analysis methods may justify use of these developed cut-points until more accurate, equally usable methods can be developed.


Assuntos
Acelerometria/instrumentação , Acelerometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Monitores de Aptidão Física/estatística & dados numéricos , Acelerometria/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Análise de Dados , Quadril , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Comportamento Sedentário , Punho , Adulto Jovem
11.
Br J Sports Med ; 52(23): 1507-1516, 2018 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27539504

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review assessed the completeness of accelerometer reporting in physical activity (PA) intervention studies and assessed factors related to accelerometer reporting. DESIGN: The PubMed database was used to identify manuscripts for inclusion. Included studies were PA interventions that used accelerometers, were written in English and were conducted between 1 January 1998 and 31 July 2014. 195 manuscripts from PA interventions that used accelerometers to measure PA were included. Manuscript completeness was scored using 12 questions focused on 3 accelerometer reporting areas: accelerometer information, data processing and interpretation and protocol non-compliance. Variables, including publication year, journal focus and impact factor, and population studied were evaluated to assess trends in reporting completeness. RESULTS: The number of manuscripts using accelerometers to assess PA in interventions increased from 1 in 2002 to 29 in the first 7 months of 2014. Accelerometer reporting completeness correlated weakly with publication year (r=0.24, p<0.001). Correlations were greater when we assessed improvements over time in reporting data processing in manuscripts published in PA-focused journals (r=0.43, p=0.002) compared to manuscripts published in non-PA-focused journals (r=0.19, p=0.021). Only 7 of 195 (4%) manuscripts reported all components of accelerometer use, and only 132 (68%) reported more than half of the components. CONCLUSIONS: Accelerometer reporting of PA in intervention studies has been poor and improved only minimally over time. We provide recommendations to improve accelerometer reporting and include a template to standardise reports.


Assuntos
Acelerometria/métodos , Exercício Físico , Editoração , Projetos de Pesquisa/normas , Humanos , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto
12.
J Sports Sci ; 34(21): 2130-9, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26942316

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to validate a wireless network of accelerometers and compare it to a hip-mounted accelerometer for predicting energy expenditure in a semi-structured environment. Adults (n = 25) aged 18-30 engaged in 14 sedentary, ambulatory, exercise, and lifestyle activities over a 60-min protocol while wearing a portable metabolic analyser, hip-mounted accelerometer, and wireless network of three accelerometers worn on the right wrist, thigh, and ankle. Participants chose the order and duration of activities. Artificial neural networks were created separately for the wireless network and hip accelerometer for energy expenditure prediction. The wireless network had higher correlations (r = 0.79 vs. r = 0.72, P < 0.01) but similar root mean square error (2.16 vs. 2.09 METs, P > 0.05) to the hip accelerometer. Measured (from metabolic analyser) and predicted energy expenditure from the hip accelerometer were significantly different for the 3 of the 14 activities (lying down, sweeping, and cycle fast); conversely, measured and predicted energy expenditure from the wireless network were not significantly different for any activity. In conclusion, the wireless network yielded a small improvement over the hip accelerometer, providing evidence that the wireless network can produce accurate estimates of energy expenditure in adults participating in a range of activities.


Assuntos
Acelerometria/métodos , Metabolismo Energético , Exercício Físico , Monitorização Ambulatorial/métodos , Esforço Físico , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Extremidade Inferior , Masculino , Redes Neurais de Computação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Comportamento Sedentário , Punho , Adulto Jovem
13.
Nutr Bull ; 2024 Aug 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39120004

RESUMO

Nutrition label serving sizes are determined primarily based on typical consumption when such data are available. However, such data are not available for certain foods such as spray cooking oil (cooking spray). Our study assessed cooking spray use by the United States (US) adults compared to the 0.25-s serving size used on US-sold cooking spray labels. Adults (n = 1041, aged 33 ± 16.7 years) completed a 13-question survey on cooking spray use and perceptions. In the survey, participants reported using cooking spray for 1.9 ± 0.9 s per use, and 42.3%-43.1% of participants reported being more likely to purchase products if they were labelled calorie- or fat-free. Next, 30 adults (aged 29.7 ± 11.0 years) completed a laboratory-based study which assessed cooking spray durations for seven cookware items. Spray times ranged from 1.0 ± 0.5 (smallest pan) to 2.5 ± 1.3 s (largest baking sheet), with 100% of sprays (210/210) exceeding the 0.25-s US serving size. Our results suggest that cooking spray serving size should be increased to 1 s to better reflect actual consumption, and this would have the added benefit of aligning better with cooking spray serving sizes in other developed countries (0.5-1.0 s). A 1-s serving size would also preclude cooking spray advertised as calorie- or fat-free, allowing consumers to make more informed choices on the dietary implications of using cooking spray.

14.
Blood Press Monit ; 29(1): 45-54, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37702590

RESUMO

Hypertension affects approximately 100 million U.S. adults and is the leading single contributing risk factor to all-cause mortality. Accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement is essential in the treatment of BP, and a number of devices exist for monitoring. Recently, a new watch-type design was released, the Omron HeartGuide (BP8000), with claims to provide clinically accurate BP measurement while also tracking activity and sleep similar to smart watches. The aim of this research was done in two studies: (1) evaluation of the HeartGuide device for measurement of resting BP and heart rate (HR); and (2) assessment of the HeartGuide for BP, HR, step-counting and sleep monitoring during activities of daily living. Study 1 compared the Omron HeartGuide to the previously validated Welch Allyn ProBP 3400 following a modified version of the Universal Standard for validation of BP measuring devices set by the AAMI/ESH/ISO. While resting HR measured by the HeartGuide was similar to Welch Allyn measures, both systolic and diastolic BP were significantly lower ( P ≤0.001), with differences of 10.4 (11.1) and 3.2 (10.0) mmHg, respectively. Study 2 compared HeartGuide measures to Welch Allyn measures for BP, HR, steps and sleep during various body positions (supine, seated, standing), physiological stressors (cold pressor test, lower body submersion, exercise), and free-living. The HeartGuide significantly underestimated BP though provided accurate HR during most conditions. It also significantly underestimated steps, but reported sleep measures similar to those subjectively reported. Based on the significant differences between the HeartGuide and Welch Allyn, our data indicate the HeartGuide is not a suitable replacement for existing BP monitors.


Assuntos
Monitores de Pressão Arterial , Hipertensão , Adulto , Humanos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Atividades Cotidianas , Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Esfigmomanômetros , Hipertensão/diagnóstico
15.
Rheumatol Adv Pract ; 8(3): rkae106, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39257857

RESUMO

Objectives: The overall aim of the current study was to quantify physical activity levels in inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) and to explore their role in fatigue. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Lessening the Impact of Fatigue in IRDs (LIFT) trial of the personalized exercise program (PEP) intervention for fatigue. Participants with IRDs were recruited from 2017 to 2019 and the current analysis used fatigue, measured by the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and accelerometer measured physical activity data collected at baseline and at the 6-month follow-up. Physical activity levels were quantified and associations with fatigue and effects of PEP investigated. Results: Of the 337 included participants, 195 (68.4%) did not meet the current recommendations for moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). In baseline cross-sectional analysis, many dimensions of physical activity were associated with fatigue. After mutual adjustment, overall physical activity (vector magnitude) was associated with CFS [-0.88 (95% CI -0.12, -1.64)] and distribution of time spent at different activity intensities was associated with FSS [-1.16 (95% CI -2.01, -0.31)]. Relative to usual care, PEP resulted in an increase in upright time, with trends for increases in step count and overall physical activity. People who increased overall physical activity (vector magnitude) more had greater improvements in CFS and FSS, while those who increased step count and MVPA more had greater improvements in FSS. Conclusion: Increasing physical activity is important for fatigue management in people with IRDs and further work is needed to optimize PEPs to target the symptoms and impact of fatigue. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov), NCT03248518.

16.
bioRxiv ; 2024 Apr 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38617373

RESUMO

Post-transplant complications reduce allograft and recipient survival. Current approaches for detecting allograft injury non-invasively are limited and do not differentiate between cellular mechanisms. Here, we monitor cellular damages after liver transplants from cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments released from dying cells into the circulation. We analyzed 130 blood samples collected from 44 patients at different time points after transplant. Sequence-based methylation of cfDNA fragments were mapped to patterns established to identify cell types in different organs. For liver cell types DNA methylation patterns and multi-omic data integration show distinct enrichment in open chromatin and regulatory regions functionally important for the respective cell types. We find that multi-tissue cellular damages post-transplant recover in patients without allograft injury during the first post-operative week. However, sustained elevation of hepatocyte and biliary epithelial cfDNA beyond the first week indicates early-onset allograft injury. Further, cfDNA composition differentiates amongst causes of allograft injury indicating the potential for non-invasive monitoring and timely intervention.

17.
Am J Lifestyle Med ; 17(1): 123-130, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36636394

RESUMO

As pregnancy progresses, physical changes may affect physical activity (PA) measurement validity. n = 11 pregnant women (30.1 ± 3.8 years) wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers on the right hip, right ankle, and non-dominant wrist for 3-7 days during the second and third trimesters (21 and 32 weeks, respectively) and 12 weeks postpartum. Data were downloaded into 60-second epochs from which stepping cadence was calculated; repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine significant differences among placements. At all time points, the wrist accelerometer measured significantly more daily steps (9930-10 452 steps/d) and faster average stepping cadence (14.5-14.6 steps/min) than either the hip (4972-5944 steps/d, 7.1-8.6 steps/min) or ankle (7161-8205 steps/d, 10.3-11.9 steps/min) placement, while moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity at the wrist (1.2-1.7 min/d) was significantly less than either hip (3.0-5.9 min/d) or ankle (6.1-7.3 min/d). Steps, cadence, and counts were significantly lower for the hip than the ankle at all time points. Kappa calculated for agreement in intensity classification between the various pairwise comparisons ranged from .06 to .41, with Kappa for hip-ankle agreement (.34-.41) significantly higher than for wrist-ankle (.09-.11) or wrist-hip (.06-.16). These data indicate that wrist accelerometer placement during pregnancy likely results in over counting of PA parameters and should be used with caution.

18.
Transplant Direct ; 9(9): e1512, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37636483

RESUMO

Background: Unlike other solid organs, no standardized treatment algorithms exist for intestinal transplantation (ITx). We established a consortium of American ITx centers to evaluate current practices. Methods: All American centers performing ITx during the past 3 y were invited to participate. As a consortium, we generated questions to evaluate and collect data from each institution. The data were compiled and analyzed. Results: Ten centers participated, performing 211 ITx during the past 3 y (range, 3-46; mean 21.1). Induction regimens varied widely. Thymoglobulin was the most common, used in the plurality of patients (85/211; 40.3%), but there was no consensus regimen. Similarly, regimens for the treatment of acute cellular rejection, antibody-mediated rejection, and graft-versus-host disease varied significantly between centers. We also evaluated differences in maintenance immunosuppression protocols, desensitization regimens, mammalian target of rapamycin use, antimetabolite use, and posttransplantation surveillance practices. Maintenance tacrolimus levels, stoma presence, and scoping frequency were not associated with differences in rejection events. Definitive association between treatments and outcomes, including graft and patient survival, was not the intention of this initial collaboration and is prevented by the lack of patient-level data and the presence of confounders. However, we identified trends regarding rejection episodes after various induction strategies that require further investigation in our subsequent collaborations. Conclusions: This initial collaboration reveals the extreme heterogeneity of practices among American ITx centers. Future collaboration will explore patient-level data, stratified by age and transplant type (isolated intestine versus multivisceral), to explore the association between treatment regimens and outcomes.

19.
Int J Exerc Sci ; 15(7): 1395-1417, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36618019

RESUMO

Physical activity levels are low in individuals with chronic disease (e.g., obesity) and have worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. PURPOSE: Our pilot study tested a virtual exercise intervention for rural-dwelling adults with chronic disease from January-April 2021 for changes in mental health, physical fitness, and physical activity and for intervention fidelity. METHODS: Participants (n = 8 [7 female]; age = 57.5 ± 13.8 years, body mass index = 38.2 ± 8.0 kg/m2) completed an exercise intervention led virtually by collegiate health science majors. Participants attended two 60-minute sessions/week for 12 weeks, completing individually-tailored and progressed aerobic and muscle-strengthening training. A non-randomized control group matched on gender and age continued normal activity during the 12 weeks. Changes in mental health, physical fitness, and physical activity measures were evaluated using a 2×2 (group × time) analysis of covariance. RESULTS: Both groups improved mental health, but only intervention participants lost weight (3.1 ± 1.0 kg; no change in controls). Step test, arm curls, and chair stands improved by 16.1-20.6% in the intervention and 7.8-12.1% in the control groups. Intervention participants did not increase overall physical activity during or after the intervention. Intervention fidelity was high; participants attended ~73% of sessions and rated the sessions 4.7 ± 0.6 (out of 5). Researcher observations rated exercise sessions as meeting 12.7 ± 0.6 of 16 goals. CONCLUSIONS: Our virtual exercise program was associated with positive mental health and physical fitness changes. Such programs may provide a method, even beyond the pandemic, to improve fitness in adults with chronic disease.

20.
Physiol Meas ; 43(10)2022 10 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36137538

RESUMO

ActiGraph sampling frequencies of more than 30 Hz may result in overestimation of activity counts in both children and adults, but research on free-living individuals has not included the range of sampling frequencies used by researchers.Objective.We compared count- and raw-acceleration-based metrics from free-living children and adolescents across a range of sampling frequencies.Approach.Participants (n = 445; 10-15 years of age) wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for at least one 10 h day. Vector magnitude counts, mean amplitude deviation, monitor-independent movement summary units, and activity intensity classified using six methods (four cut-points, two-regression model, and artificial neural network) were compared between 30 Hz and 60, 80, 90, and 100 Hz sampling frequencies using mean absolute differences, correlations, and equivalence testing.Main results.All outcomes were statistically equivalent, and correlation coefficients were ≥0.970. Absolute differences were largest for the 30 versus 80 and 30 versus 100 Hz count comparisons. For comparisons of 30 with 60, 80, 90, or 100 Hz, mean (and maximum) absolute differences in minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 (0.4 to 1.5), 0.3 to 1.3 (1.6 to 8.6), 0.1 to 0.3 (1.1 to 2.5), and 0.3 to 2.5 (1.6 to 14.3) across the six classification methods.Significance.Acceleration-based outcomes are comparable across the full range of sampling rates and therefore recommended for future research. If using counts, we recommend a multiple of 30 Hz because using a 100 Hz sampling rate resulted in large maximum individual differences and epoch-level differences, and increasing differences with activity level.


Assuntos
Aceleração , Movimento , Acelerometria/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Coleta de Dados , Exercício Físico , Humanos
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