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Background Isotretinoin is a commonly prescribed agent mainly used to treat acne vulgaris. Since its Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, the subject of its associations with various medical conditions has become a growing interest in many investigational studies. Methodology A retrospective study was conducted using the validated Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire. All statistical calculations were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0.1 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). Results The research study involved 107 participants, predominantly Saudi nationals (98.1%), with an average age of 22 years. Regarding the total cumulative dose (TCD), 40.2% had less than 50 mg/kg, 33.6% had between 50 and 100 mg/kg, and 15.9% had more than 100 mg/kg. The majority (73.8%) did not stop using isotretinoin. The average Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, indicating ocular surface disease symptoms, was 26.78. There was no significant association between gender, dose/duration of isotretinoin, TCD, and age, and OSDI scores. However, participants with severe OSDI scores were more likely to have worsened pre-existing eye symptoms compared to those with non-severe OSDI scores (35.1% versus 11.4%, p = 0.011). Conclusions This study contributes to the understanding of the impact of isotretinoin usage on ocular surface health. While no significant associations were found between gender, dose, duration, TCD, and age, and OSDI scores, participants with pre-existing eye symptoms were more likely to experience worsened symptoms during isotretinoin treatment.
RESUMO
Background: In the United States of America, the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is believed to be 2% of the general population. There is a scarcity of evidence in Saudi Arabia on the incidence of BDD and its consequences. The significance of this study is to raise awareness of the problem, provide information, and determine the disease prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and effects of BDD in female university students. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in Al-Rayan Colleges in Madina, Saudi Arabia. All females from age 18 to 30 years were enrolled in this study. A total sample size of 286 was calculated with Epi-Info software. For data analysis, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used. Results: There were 286 participants in this study. Majority of the 280 participants (97.9%) were between the ages of 18 and 30 years. The prevalence of BDD was 14.68%. When comparing social avoidance to BDD, it was discovered that 29/42 people with BDD avoid social contact, with a P value of 0.001. Majority of the participants with BDD spent more than 4 h per day on social media, while 13/42 spent between 2 and 4 h per day on social media (P = 0.828). When comparing cosmetic intervention to the BDD individuals, it was discovered that all the BDD participants wished to do the cosmetic procedures (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The current study sheds light on the current state of BDD in the most vulnerable section of the general population. Throughout the study, we discovered that BDD is a common ailment that affects 14.68% of female Saudi youths. The majority of BDD participants avoid social gatherings, avoid visiting friends, and refuse to leave the house. On top of that, people with BDD wish to undergo cosmetic operations such as skin color changes and skin peeling.