[Heterotopic gray matter: A rare cause of epilepsy]. / Hétérotopie de la substance grise : une cause rare d'épilepsie.

Various etiologic diagnoses are put forward for certain forms of infant epilepsy. We report four cases illustrating a rare cause: gray matter heterotopia. There were three girls and one boy, aged 3 months to 4 years at onset of seizures and 8 to 30 years at diagnosis of gray matter heterotopia. All patients sought healthcare because of repeated seizures. One patient also presented severe mental retardation. No consanguinity was noted. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the interposition of an ectopic ribbon of gray matter within the white matter in all cases. Ectopic gray matter formed bilateral subependymal nodules in one patient and bilateral nodules in the subcortical region suggestive of concentric laminar organization in another. The two other patients presented both of these forms. Other anomalies were associated: partial agenesis of the corpus callosum associated with colpocephaly causing cortical atrophy in one patient and hippocampal sclerosis in another.

[Contribution of pulmonary CT angiography in assessing the severity of acute pulmonary embolism]. / Apport de l'angioscanner pulmonaire dans l'évaluation de la gravité de l'embolie pulmonaire aiguë.

Chest CT angiography has taken a major role in the management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Meanwhile, it became necessary to determine the severity criteria at the time of diagnosis in order to properly assess the risk/benefit of treatment to consider. In recent years, pulmonary CT angiography has emerged as a useful tool for assessing the severity of acute lung embolism, based on morphological criteria. The two main approaches that were studied were the quantification of obstruction of pulmonary arterial bed and recognition of signs of right heart failure. The aim of our work is to define the morphological parameters in cardiovascular pulmonary CT angiography and to determine their value in the current clinical prognostic stratification of acute pulmonary embolism of, especially their correlation with the risk of developing signs of clinical severity at diagnosis and at 3 months of the occurrence of pulmonary embolism.

[Atypic radiologic aspect of a renal cell carcinoma in children]. / Présentation radiologique atypique d'un carcinome à cellules claires du rein chez l'enfant.

Renal cell carcinoma is rare in children and is usually found in late childhood. The authors report on an exceptional case of renal cell carcinoma in a 10-year-old girl. The radiological aspect is misleading and has not been previously reported in the literature. Renal cortex was thin because of congenital megalo-ureter, so the tumor developed entirely into excretory cavities (to the proximal ureter), while a primitive urothelial disease (tumoral or inflammatory) was first evoked. The atrophied cortex was the tumoral starting point which prolapsed into excretory cavities, upraising the urothelial epithelium.

[Elastofibroma: imaging features]. / Imagerie de l'élastofibrome dorsal.

Elastofibroma dorsi is a rare benign and slow growing fibro-proliferative lesion of unknown pathogenesis. It has a characteristic location (periscapular region) and a specific imaging appearance (songraphy, CT, MRI) allowing accurate prospective diagnosis. The recognition of this benign lesion avoids unnecessary biopsy and/or surgery. We report three cases of elastofibroma dorsi illustrating the characteristic features on sonography, CT and MRI. Involvement was bilateral in two cases.

[Aeric bubbles developed on the trachea]. / Bulles aériques appendues à la trachée.

The diverticula of trachea are a frequent observation in thoracic computed tomography, in particular in patients presenting an obstructive syndrome. On the occasion of a case report of a patient presenting a dilation of bronchi, we underline the interest of the post-treatment of the computed tomography acquisition, and present a review of the literature on this entity.

[Rare complication of a post-traumatic left diaphragmatic hernia]. / Complication rare d'une hernie diaphragmatique gauche post-traumatique.

Diaphragmatic hernia is a post-traumatic lesion specific trauma that may go unnoticed. The left hemidiaphragm is the most frequently affected. The diagnosis is then made at the occasion of a complication, especially gastric volvulus. The authors report the case of a young man aged 26 years old with a gastric volvulus on post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia diagnosed by CT.

Multiple intussusceptions revealing metastases from renal carcinoma to the small intestine.

Malignant tumors of the kidney represent rare primary intestinal metastases. They occur in 4% of cases. These intestinal metastases are mainly the small intestine; colon is a rare achievement. We report a case of small intestine metastatic of a tubulo-pappilary carcinoma revealed by a multiple intussusception a year after nephrectomy. The cross-sectional imaging (ultrasound and CT) was the gold standard for positive diagnosis of intussusception and the nature of secondary underlying tumor. Intestinal metastases of renal cell carcinoma sometimes occur many years after nephrectomy. On imaging, metastases simulate all tumor aspects.

[Ballistic trauma resulting in carotid-cavernous fistula]. / Traumatisme balistique occasionnant une fistule carotido-caverneuse.

Post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula is an abnormal communication between the internal carotid artery in its intracavernous portion and the cavernous sinus, resulting from a tear in the arterial wall connecting the internal carotid artery with the cavernous sinus. Direct gunshot trauma is unusual. Clinically, the symptoms most often include a classic triad: red eye, chemosis and proptosis. Cross-sectional imaging including CT angiography allows for positive diagnosis by showing pathognomonic signs. Arteriography remains the procedure of choice for proper mapping of the lesion and accurate specification of the type of fistula, and at the same time serves as a means of embolization.