Health Education Resources Favored by Out-Patients Attending King Saud Medical City, Riyadh.

Background Health education, primarily through printed materials, is crucial for promoting preventive healthcare. It is essential to understand patients' preferences and ensure patient engagement in healthcare decisions. Health literacy challenges persist, and web-based platforms are expanding access. Tailoring materials to target populations, considering content, layout, and cultural appropriateness, maximizes effectiveness. This study aimed to determine the preferred health education resources for patients visiting King Saud Medical City, Riyadh. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, targeting adults in outpatient and staff clinic waiting areas. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire and analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 29.0 (Released 2023; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results The study included 210 participants and revealed key preferences in health education. Notably, 57.6% preferred social media platforms, while 49.1% favored a doctor as their primary source. Participants prioritized pictures/photos (27.8%) and labels (56.2%) for printed materials. Most participants (91.4%) chose formats based on the comprehensive content provided. Participants sought general health guidance (26%) and preferences were significantly associated with education levels (p=0.010) and different sources (p<0.001). Additionally, students showed a significant association with receiving health education (p=0.046).  Conclusion The current study revealed diverse preferences for health education resources among patients at King Saud Medical City. The most favored method was social media platforms (57.6%, n=121), with participants ranking it as their first preference. Understanding these preferences is crucial for tailored and effective health education strategies.

Resilience or robustness: identifying topological vulnerabilities in rail networks.

Many critical infrastructure systems have network structures and are under stress. Despite their national importance, the complexity of large-scale transport networks means that we do not fully understand their vulnerabilities to cascade failures. The research conducted through this paper examines the interdependent rail networks in Greater London and surrounding commuter area. We focus on the morning commuter hours, where the system is under the most demand stress. There is increasing evidence that the topological shape of the network plays an important role in dynamic cascades. Here, we examine whether the different topological measures of resilience (stability) or robustness (failure) are more appropriate for understanding poor railway performance. The results show that resilience, not robustness, has a strong correlation with the consumer experience statistics. Our results are a way of describing the complexity of cascade dynamics on networks without the involvement of detailed agent-based models, showing that cascade effects are more responsible for poor performance than failures. The network science analysis hints at pathways towards making the network structure more resilient by reducing feedback loops.