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1.
Nanotechnology ; 31(27): 275601, 2020 Apr 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32109905

RESUMO

We report a method for the efficient anchoring of cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles on the surface of different types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (purified, N-doped, O-doped and exfoliated). Characterization using different types of electron microscopies (SEM, STEM, and TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction showed well anchored CdSe nanoparticles (NP) on the nanotube surfaces, NP shapes and sizes varied with temperature and other synthesis conditions, and formed with good yields. The method here reported does not require previous activation of the carbon nanotube surface by chemical functionalization, nor the use of organic solvents, and the reaction proceeded in aqueous solutions, making this process simpler and more environmentally friendly than others.

2.
Phys Chem Chem Phys ; 22(3): 1756-1766, 2020 Jan 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31898710

RESUMO

Dineohexyl phosphinic acid (DINHOP) is a popular amphiphilic molecular insulator considered as the most efficient co-adsorbent (co-grafter) for the improvement of the photovoltaic performance of TiO2 based hybrid solar cells. Although the effect of its incorporation on the improvement of cell performance has been well demonstrated, the mechanisms through which it affects the photovoltaic and electrodynamic parameters of the cells are not yet clear. Here we re-examine the mechanism through which the DINHOP co-adsorbent affects the photovoltaic and electrodynamic parameters of dye-sensitized solar cells. Although DINHOP is widely believed to inhibit (passivate) recombination across the TiO2/electrolyte interface, we demonstrate that this is sublte, noticeable only for a very high concentration (e.g. 750 µM) of DINHOP, co-sensitized with a dye. For the most frequently used DINHOP concentrations (e.g. 75 µM and 375 µM), an observed increase of the diffusion coefficient and recombination rate could be directly associated with a decrease of total intra-gap states in TiO2. For a DINHOP concentration as low as 75 µM, the conduction band edge of TiO2 moves upward due to the combined effect of charge accumulation and a decrease in the total number of intra-gap states leading to an effective enhancement of the DCCS VOC, where the decrease in total intra-gap states does not contribute positively. The decrease of total intra-gap states enhances both the transport and recombination rates of charge carriers by the same fraction due to a transport-limited recombination process. On the other hand, adsorption of DINHOP molecules at higher concentrations such as 375 µM and 750 µM additionally modifies the distribution of intra-gap states, affecting the nonlinear recombination parameter of charge carriers at the anode-electrolyte interface, leading to an overall enhancement of the DSSC VOC. In all cases, incorporation of DINHOP results in an overall improvement of the solar cell efficiency (∼14% compared with the reference one), with a maximum for a concentration of 375 µM, where no inhibition of recombination was observed. Interestingly, for this DINHOP concentration, we estimate that 1 DINHOP molecule per every 12 molecules of dye occupies the intra-gap states of the TiO2 surface. The results presented in this work elucidate the physical phenomena involved in the interaction of co-adsorbents, pre-treatments or additives with the electrolyte at the surface of the TiO2 photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cells and can be easily adapted to study other electrochemical systems.

3.
Rev Soc Peru Med Interna ; 35(1): 8-12, 20220000.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1361413

RESUMO

Objetivo: estudio sistemático de incremento de los niveles de transaminasas hepáticas inducidos por tocilizumab (TCZ) en pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2. Material y métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed, EMBASE y Google Scholar, de estudios publicados entre enero 2020 y agosto 2021. Se incluyeron estudios que reportaban datos con niveles de transaminasas hepáticas (aspartato-aminotransferasa o AST y alanino- aminotransferasa o ALT) en pacientes infección por SARS-CoV-2 en tratamiento con TCZ, ya sea en estudios de casos y controles o cuando se median dichos niveles antes y después de terapia en un mismo paciente. La calidad de los artículos fue evaluada de acuerdo con la escala Newcastle Ottawa (NOS). Se extrajeron datos sobre el diseño del estudio, país, número de pacientes, edad y sexo. Se aplicó un modelo de efectos aleatorios para la construcción del diagrama de árbol en base a la delta de la media y desviación estándar de los niveles de ALT y GPT de los casos y controles, de cada uno de los reportes incluidos, con un intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%. Resultados: Se identificaron 5 estudios de casos y controles para su inclusión, que totalizaron un total de 511 pacientes. La media de edad fue 62,3 + 5,0 años y el 78,8 % fueron varones. La puntuación media de NOS de los estudios incluidos fue 7,8 + 0,4. La dosis utilizada de TCZ fue de 8mg/kg/día. En el diagrama de árbol se observó que la delta de la media de variación de la ALT y AST fueron 0,33 (delta 95% intervalo de confianza: 0,17-0,5; I2 =73% p<0,05) y 0,34 (95% IC: 0,17-0,51; I2=84% p<0,05), respectivamente. En un estudio se reportó normalización de ALT y AST a la 3ra semana, y el resto de estudios no reportó datos de evolución. Conclusión: El uso de TCZ en la infección por SARS-CoV-2 está asociado con elevación de ALT y AST, sin embargo, sus niveles no cumplen criterios de injuria hepática inducida por medicamento y aparentemente es autolimitado. Se requieren más estudios para confirmar la naturaleza temporal de la elevación de las transaminasas asociada al TCZ.

4.
Rev. bioméd. (México) ; 28(2): 99-104, may.-ago. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003372

RESUMO

Resumen Los piRNA son secuencias de 24 a 32 nucleótidos asociados a proteínas PIWI de la familia argonauta, la cual posee propiedad endonucleasa. Son sintetizados a partir de regiones intergénicas repetitivas y su principal función, es el silenciamiento de transposones, sin embargo, se ha encontrado que su descontrol está asociado con el desarrollo de diversos tipos de cáncer. Varios piRNAs han sido propuestos como biomarcadores del desarrollo tumoral, sin embargo, no en todos los tipos de cáncer han sido estudiados, siendo el cáncer de mama y el cáncer gástrico los que encabezan la lista con un mayor número de publicaciones. El presente trabajo, se centra en conocer los piRNAs de mayor relevancia en tipos específicos de cáncer con la finalidad de promover su análisis en casos de cáncer en los que han sido poco estudiados, o que predominan epidemiológicamente en ciertas poblaciones.


Abstract The piRNAs are sequences from 24 to 32 nucleotides associated with PIWI proteins from the Argonauta family, which possesses endonuclease holdings. They are synthesized from repetitive intergenic regions and their main function is the silencing of transposons, however, it has been found that its lack of control is associated with the development of various types of cancer. Several piRNAs have been associated as biomarkers of tumor development, however, It has not been studied in all types of cancer, recent investigations show that breast and gastric cancer are on top of the list with more publications related with piRNAs. Therefore, the present review focuses on knowing the most relevant piRNAs in specific types of cancer, in order to promote their analysis in the poorly studied cancer or that predominate epidemiologically in certain populations.

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