Fires dynamics in the Pantanal: Impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change.

Anthropogenic activities responsible for modifying climatic regimes and land use and land cover (LULC) have been altering fire behavior even in regions with natural occurrences, such as the Pantanal. This biome was highlighted in 2020 due to the record number of fire foci and burned areas registered. Thus, this study aimed to understand how changes in LULC and climate affect the spatial, temporal and magnitude dynamics of fire foci. The Earth Trends Modeler (ETM) was used to identify trends in spatiotemporal bases of environmental and climatic variables. No trend was identified in the historical series of precipitation data. However, an increasing trend was observed for evapotranspiration, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and temperature. For soil moisture, a decreasing trend was observed. The comparison between the mean of the historical series and the year 2020 showed that the variables precipitation, temperature, soil moisture and evapotranspiration had atypical behavior. Such behavior may have contributed to creating a drier environment with available combustible material, leading to a record number of burned areas, about three million hectares (248%) higher than the historical average. The 2020 fire foci data were used in two types of spatial statistical analyses: Grouping, showing that 76% of the registered fire foci were at high risk of fire and; Hot and Cold Spots, indicating high concentrations of Hot Spots in the northern region of the Pantanal, close to Cerrado and Amazon biomes agricultural frontier. The results of the Land Change Modeler (LCM) tool evidenced a strong transition potential from the natural vegetation to agriculture and pasture in the eastern region of the Pantanal, indicating that this could be, in the future, a region of high concentration of fire foci and possibly high risk of fire. This tool also allowed the prediction of a scenario for 2030 that showed that if measures for environmental protection and combating fires are not adopted, in this year, 20% of the Pantanal areas will be for agricultural and pasture use. Finally, the results suggest that the advance of agriculture in the Pantanal and changes in climatic and environmental variables boosted the increase in fire foci and burned areas in the year 2020.

Descriptive study of reported cases of sexual violence and specialized care services in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2019.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the sociodemographic profile of reported cases of sexual violence (SV) and the distribution of care services for this health condition in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2019. METHODS: this was a descriptive study of the cases of sexual violence reported on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System and care services registered in the National Health Establishment Registry. RESULTS: a total of 4,418 notifications of SV were identified during the study period, representing more than 12 notifications per day; the majority of notifications were among females (87.0%) and among children and adolescents (72.0%); the distribution of care services showed care gaps in four of the 14 health macro-regions of the state of Minas Gerais; the maximum distances traveled to access referral services ranged from 93 to 327 km. CONCLUSION: the scarcity of care services for people subjected to sexual violence in the micro-regions and macro-regions of Minas Gerais highlights the need for planning public policies aimed at increasing access to these services. MAIN RESULTS: Over 12 notifications of sexual violence were reported per day in the state of Minas Gerais in 2019, with a higher prevalence in females, children and adolescents, mixed-race/Black people. Care gaps were identified in four macro-regions of the state. IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: There was a need for victims to travel long distances to receive care in municipalities with referral services for comprehensive care for sexual violence, which may hinder access and timely care. PERSPECTIVES: It is expected that the results can contribute to improving public policies, considering the need to strategically plan the location of specialized services for people subjected to sexual violence.

Estudo descritivo dos casos notificados de violência sexual e dos serviços de atendimento especializado em Minas Gerais, 2019 / Estudio descriptivo de los casos notificados de violencia sexual y de los servicios de atención especializada en Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2019 / Descriptive study of reported cases of sexual violence and specialized care services in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2019

Objetivo: descrever o perfil sociodemográfico dos casos notificados de violência sexual (VS) e a distribuição dos serviços de atendimento ao agravo em Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2019. Métodos: estudo descritivo dos casos notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e dos serviços registrados no Cadastro Nacional dos Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Resultados: foram identificadas 4.418 notificações de VS no período, correspondendo a mais de 12 notificações/dia; houve maior frequência de notificações no sexo feminino (87,0%) e entre crianças e adolescentes (72,0%); a distribuição dos serviços mostrou vazios assistenciais em quatro das 14 macrorregiões de saúde do estado; as distâncias máximas percorridas para atendimento em serviços de referência variaram de 93 a 327 km. Conclusão: a escassez de serviços de atendimento a pessoas em situação de VS nas microrregiões e macrorregiões de Minas Gerais sinalizam a necessidade de planejamento de políticas públicas visando aumentar o acesso a esses serviços.

Objetivo: describir el perfil sociodemográfico de los casos notificados de violencia sexual (VS) y la distribución de los servicios para esta condición. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo basado en datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria y servicios registrados en el Registro Nacional de Estabelecimientos de Salud, en Minas Gerais, Brasil, en 2019. Resultados: se identificaron 4.418 notificaciones de SV que representan más de 12 notificaciones por día; los registros se centraron en el sexo femenino (87,0%), niños y adolescentes (72,0%); la distribución de los servicios mostró brechas de atención en cuatro macrorregiones entre las 14 existentes; la distancia máxima recorrida para asistencia en un servicio de referencia osciló entre 93 y 327 km. Conclusión: la escasez de servicios de atención a personas en situación de SV en las micro y macro regiones, indican la necesidad de planificación de políticas públicas para ampliar el acceso.

Objective: to describe the sociodemographic profile of reported cases of sexual iolence (SV) and the distribution of care services for this health condition in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2019. Methods: this was a descriptive study of the cases of sexual violence reported on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System and care services registered in the National Health Establishment Registry. Results: a total of 4,418 notifications of SV were identified during the study period, representing more than 12 notifications per day; the majority of notifications were among females (87.0%) and among children and adolescents (72.0%); the distribution of care services showed care gaps in four of the 14 health macro-regions of the state of Minas Gerais; the maximum distances traveled to access referral services ranged from 93 to 327 km. Conclusion: the scarcity of care services for people subjected to sexual violence in the micro-regions and macro-regions of Minas Gerais highlights the need for planning public policies aimed at increasing access to these services.