Swyer-James Syndrome: A Rare Radiological Report of Two Cases Presenting in Adulthood.

Swyer-James syndrome (SJS), also termed MacLeod syndrome, is an acquired secondary unilateral hyperlucency of the lung due to childhood lung infections. This disorder can be diagnosed in children; however if there are few or no symptoms, diagnosis can be missed and can then be detected later in adult life as an incidental finding. We present here the case reports of two patients, where one of them had a unique presentation of unilateral hyperlucency on a chest radiograph and a bilateral mosaic pattern on CT lung but with no history of childhood infections and another case with unilateral hyperlucency of the lung with the history of childhood infection were diagnosed as SJS. This article is important as it highlights the significant radiological finding in accurately diagnosing this condition, when the presenting complaint and past history are inconclusive, thereby guiding proper management.

Concomitant Presence of Spermatic Cord and Testicular Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma With Recurrence: A Case Report on a Rare Entity.

Primary testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (PTNHL) with contiguous involvement of the spermatic cord is a rare occurrence and presentation of the disease, and it mostly involves elderly men between the sixth and eighth decades of life. PTNHL is a rare form of primary testicular malignancy that accounts for 1% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases and 5-10%of all testicular malignancies. This case report discusses a 73-year-old man who presented with right-sided inguinoscrotal swelling for six months, which had progressively increased in size. The patient was referred to the surgical department, and the examination revealed a hard-palpable mass with thickening of the cord. The initial imaging included an ultrasound, demonstrating a heteroechoic mass inseparable from the right testis with evidence of mild increased internal vascularity. Due to the high suspicion of malignancy, a right orchidectomy was performed. The patient subsequently developed another swelling after seven months, over the right inguinal region, which had progressively increased in size. MRI of the pelvis and CT of the abdomen and chest revealed a lobulated, intermediate intense lesion in the right inguinoscrotal region. This case report demonstrates the importance of radiological imaging in assessing and detecting the characteristics of concomitant lesions by using various imaging modalities and assessing the extent of spread. In addition, radiological imaging helps in the early diagnosis of the disease and facilitates prompt and early treatment to achieve favorable outcomes for the patient. The radiologist should include a differential diagnosis of PTNHL when imaging for a painless inguinoscrotal mass.

Extraskeletal Ewing's Sarcoma With Vertebral Metastasis: A Case Report.

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is the second most common osseous tumor in young patients after osteosarcoma. All primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) and Askin tumors are members of Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT), which all have aberrant translocations between the 11th and 22nd chromosomes. Only one in five cases of Ewing's sarcoma occurs as extraskeletal. In this report, we describe a young female with a palpable lump on her spine who presented with paravertebral and thoracic extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EES). Over six months, the swelling gradually increased in size, and the patient reported episodes of episodic pain and fever. Examining the swelling, a non-reducible, non-tender ovoid lump measuring approximately 8 cm x 5 cm was found to have smooth margins and be slightly mobile. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helped diagnose, plan surgical resections, assess neoadjuvant chemotherapy effectiveness, and detect local recurrences and metastatic spread of the tumor. The differential diagnosis of EES included embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and lymphoma. The use of immunohistochemical markers further differentiated the diagnoses. In conclusion, it should be noted that EES, though rare, should be considered when evaluating soft tissue lumps of neoplastic characteristics, in children or adolescents. Considering the poor prognosis of this disease, early detection is essential. The MRI plays a vital role in diagnosing cancer, staging it locally, assessing response to neoadjuvant therapy, and identifying local recurrences and metastases.

Fibro-Adipose Vascular Anomaly: A Case Report and Literature Review.

A fibro-adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) is a complex venous malformation characterized by intramuscular fibrofatty replacement and dilation of veins. As FAVA is a rare entity and associated with a complex constellation of vascular anomalies, it is often misdiagnosed. This report discusses a case of a 26-year-old woman who presented with swelling on the lateral aspect of the right thigh. FAVA was diagnosed on the basis of radiological and histopathological examinations. After en-bloc resection of the mass, the patient's pain and ability to move significantly improved. We describe the clinical, radiological, and pathological aspects of FAVA, as well as its management.

A Rare Case of an Intra-nasal Ectopic Tooth in a Young Woman.

Teeth in non-dentate areas including the intra-sinus and intranasal teeth are rarely encountered in clinical practice. Although the majority of patients remain asymptomatic, the usual presenting complaints are nasal obstruction, epistaxis, hyposmia and headache. In this article, we present a case of an intranasal tooth in a 15-year-old female who presented with complaints of hyposmia and nasal obstruction. Computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity showed a tooth-like structure in the left inferior nasal cavity extending from the hard palate. The mainstay of treatment is the surgical removal of the ectopic tooth under anaesthesia. Even in asymptomatic patients, surgical removal of the nasal tooth is advised to prevent complications. Along with a clinician's understanding of the condition, imaging aids in the diagnosis of an ectopic tooth. Imaging, particularly with CT, also helps plan the surgical approach to treatment.

JARID1a Ablation in the Liver Alters Systemic Metabolism and Adaptation to Feeding.

The liver is a key regulator of systemic energy homeostasis whose proper function is dependent on the circadian clock. Here, we show that livers deficient in the oscillator component JARID1a exhibit a dysregulation of genes involved in energy metabolism. Importantly, we find that mice that lack hepatic JARID1a have decreased lean body mass, decreased respiratory exchange ratios, faster production of ketones, and increased glucose production in response to fasting. Finally, we find that JARID1a loss compromises the response of the hepatic transcriptome to nutrient availability. In all, ablation of hepatic JARID1a disrupts the coordination of hepatic metabolic programs with whole-body consequences.

CNS toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent individual.

Toxoplasmosis is a serious and life-threatening disease in humans with a high prevalence in immunocompromised persons. The disease has a wide spectrum, depending on the immune status of the person. A CNS manifestation of toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent person is very rare and often undetected. Our case of CNS toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent person emphasizes the radiological diagnosis, which was further confirmed by advanced microbiology technique.

Duodenal lymphangitis carcinomatosa: A rare case.

Duodenal lymphangitis carcinomatosa has been sporadically described, and little attention has been paid so far. To our knowledge, no data on radiological findings for this rare entity has been published. We report a case of duodenal lymphangitis carcinomatosa secondary to gallbladder mass in a 44-year-old Indian man to focus on the radiological diagnosis, which was further confirmed by endoscopic-guided biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis.