RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Estimate the prevalence of common mental disorder and its associated factors among medical students of the Universidade Federal de Sergipe. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out, applying Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 to 473 students from the 512 medical students enrolled in 2006 and compared with compared with a structured questionnaire by the authors containing information on the socio-demographic characteristics, the teaching-learning process and the psycho-emotional experiences of the students. Freshmen were excluded after initial comparison with the students already exposed to the medical course. Statistical analysis by multiple logistic regression after calculating simple and adjusted odds ratio (OR). RESULTS: The general prevalence of common mental disorder was 40% (n = 473); after exclusion of the freshmen it increased to 42.5% among students from the 2nd to the 12th semester. It was higher among those who did not have faith in their acquisition of the skills needed to become a good doctor (OR = 2.82), who felt less comfortable about course activities (OR = 3.75), who considered themselves emotionally stressed (OR = 2.14), among those who did not consider themselves happy (OR = 2.85), who believed that the course did not match their expectations (OR = 1.64) and those who had a prior diagnosis of mental disorder by a psychiatrist (OR = 3.78). CONCLUSION: The results suggest the necessity of changes to the teaching-learning process and the establishment of a preventive mental health program for medical students.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Escolha da Profissão , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Aprendizagem , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Ensino , Universidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Dried blood spots (DBS) testing might increase the access for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) diagnosis, but little is known about the performance of these assays in real life conditions. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs detection in DBS in clinical settings and field studies and to evaluate demographic and risk behaviour according the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBc. Paired sera and DBS samples were obtained from 2309 individuals from 3 groups, defined as follows: G1: clinical setting (n = 5-19), G2: general population (n = 1305) and G3: vulnerable individuals that could be more exposed to blood contact (n = 485). Sera and DBS were tested using commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA), with some modifications added. Using DBS samples, the specificity values were above 90 % for HBsAg and anti-HBc in all groups and for anti-HBs range from 58.6%-85%. HBsAg testing had the best performance in GI (sensitivity = 84.4 %) and among those samples that the paired serum also presented anti-HBc marker (sensitivity = 91.6 %). High sensitivity of anti-HBc testing in DBS samples was observed in GI (80.8 %) and among HBV active cases (HBsAg+/anti-HBc+) (98.4 %). Testing of anti-HBs in DBS showed the highest sensitivity in GIII (65.5 %), in previous HBV exposed and cured individuals and when serum titers were above 100 IU/mL (86.7 %). DBS samples could be used for screening and prevalence studies for HBsAg and anti-HBc, particularly in clinical settings and among HBV active cases in field studies.
Assuntos
Teste em Amostras de Sangue Seco/normas , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , DNA Viral/sangue , Teste em Amostras de Sangue Seco/métodos , Feminino , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/métodos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/normas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Becoming a medical doctor is a very complex process. Factors related to the student's personality, the educational process and the daily experience with death contribute to peculiar psycho-emotional experiences, not always properly investigated during medical training. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and associated factors, over six years of medical undergraduate course among all students of a class at a public university in Brazil. METHOD: Cross-sectional study based on repeated surveys. All 40 students enrolled in 2006 in the first year of our medical school were included and evaluated annually until 2011 using the SRQ-20 and a structured questionnaire prepared by the authors on sociodemographic, personal and educational aspects. We performed Poisson regression and correspondence analysis [corrected]. RESULTS: The 40 freshmen in the first evaluation had a mean age of 20 years (SD=2.4), 57.5% were female, and 41% were approved after taking their third entrance exam. The prevalence of CMD increased over the years: from 12.5% in the first year to 43.2% in the fifth. The following variables were potentially associated with CMD: female sex (PR=1.38), originating from capital cities (PR=1.97), the program was less than they expected (PR=3.20), discomfort with program activities (PR=2.10), dissatisfaction with teaching strategies (PR=1.38), and feeling that the program is not a source of pleasure (PR=2.06), being R2=28.8% and AIC=60.04. CONCLUSION: The factors potentially associated with the high prevalence of CMD were those related to medical training, showing that it is necessary to implement preventive measures and review the educational process in order to reduce the damages caused by the development of CMD.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of coronary artery disease referred for heart surgery has an important psychological component. The purpose of this study was to access the difficulties experienced by individuals awaiting coronary artery bypass grafting and to determine strategies that facilitate adaptation to a new lifestyle, modified by the disease. METHODS: A qualitative, exploratory study involving patients admitted to a university teaching hospital in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, awaiting coronary artery bypass grafting. Semi-structured interviews were performed in accordance with a previously defined script based on the study objective. Each transcription was read in its entirety to verify the representativeness, homogeneity and pertinence of the data obtained (pre-analysis), followed by separation of categories of analysis. RESULTS: The descriptions of this study show that patients admitted to the completion of coronary artery bypass grafting experience a wide range of psychological difficulties, considering that surgery acquires interpretations that vary according to individuals' subjectivity. The patients recognized the benefit of being able to discuss their feelings as a means of diminishing their fear and anxiety. CONCLUSION: Helping patients find resources to confront more positively the daily hospitalization is an important aspect for the health care professionals who assist them. This goal can be achieved through modification of the biomedical model of care for a biopsychosocial view. The investment of time and attention is of fundamental importance and aims to overcome existing deficiencies that interfere with the outcome of patients after cardiac surgery.
Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária/psicologia , Percepção , Adaptação Psicológica , Idoso , Ansiedade/psicologia , Brasil , Medo/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relações Médico-Paciente , Período Pré-Operatório , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Recent studies in different countries have shown an increase in anabolic steroid consumption among young people and the harm caused by indiscriminate use. In Brazil, research on steroid abuse is scarce. The present study examines the risk perception of health problems associated with anabolic steroid consumption among young working-class adults engaged in body-building practices in a poor neighborhood in the city of Salvador, Bahia. The methodology involved an anthropological approach based on qualitative research techniques consisting of ethnography, in-depth interviews, and a focus group with steroid users. The data describe the most common substances consumed and highlight the lack of information among interviewees concerning potential related health hazards, showing that for many steroid consumers the quest for muscle-mass development to achieve an idealized body supersedes the risk of harmful side effects. The results indicate the need for culturally sensitive measures to prevent steroid abuse among youth.
Assuntos
Anabolizantes/efeitos adversos , Classe Social , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Levantamento de Peso/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Imagem Corporal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Assunção de Riscos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Summary Introduction: Becoming a medical doctor is a very complex process. Factors related to the student's personality, the educational process and the daily experience with death contribute to peculiar psycho-emotional experiences, not always properly investigated during medical training. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and associated factors, over six years of medical undergraduate course among all students of a class at a public university in Brazil. Method: Cross-sectional study based on repeated surveys. All 40 students enrolled in 2006 in the first year of our medical school were included and evaluated annually until 2011 using the SRQ-20 and a structured questionnaire prepared by the authors on sociodemographic, personal and educational aspects. We performed logistic regression and correspondence analysis. Results: The 40 freshmen in the first evaluation had a mean age of 20 years (SD=2.4), 57.5% were female, and 41% were approved after taking their third entrance exam. The prevalence of CMD increased over the years: from 12.5% in the first year to 43.2% in the fifth. The following variables were potentially associated with CMD: female sex (PR=1.38), originating from capital cities (PR=1.97), the program was less than they expected (PR=3.20), discomfort with program activities (PR=2.10), dissatisfaction with teaching strategies (PR=1.38), and feeling that the program is not a source of pleasure (PR=2.06), being R2=28.8% and AIC=60.04. Conclusion: The factors potentially associated with the high prevalence of CMD were those related to medical training, showing that it is necessary to implement preventive measures and review the educational process in order to reduce the damages caused by the development of CMD.
Resumo Introdução: Tornar-se médico é um processo bastante complexo. Fatores relacionados a personalidade do aluno, processo educacional e experiência diária com dor e morte contribuem para vivências psicoemocionais peculiares, nem sempre devidamente investigadas durante a formação médica. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) e fatores associados durante os seis anos de graduação entre todos os estudantes de uma turma de medicina de uma universidade pública brasileira. Método: Estudo transversal por inquéritos repetidos. Todos os 40 alunos admitidos em 2006 na escola médica pesquisada foram incluídos no estudo e avaliados anualmente até 2011 através do SRQ-20 e de um questionário estruturado elaborado pelos autores sobre aspectos sócio-demográficos, pessoais e educacionais. Realizadas regressão logística e análise de correspondência. Resultados: Os 40 calouros na primeira avaliação tinham média de idade de 20 anos (DP=2,4), sendo 57,5% do sexo feminino e 41% aprovados no terceiro vestibular. A prevalência TMC aumentou ao longo do curso: de 12,5% no primeiro ano para 43,2% no quinto. As seguintes variáveis foram potencialmente associadas à TMC no quinto ano: sexo feminino (RP=1,38), originários de capitais (RP=1,97), achar o curso menos do que esperava (RP=3,20), ter desconforto com as atividades do curso (RP=2,10), estar insatisfeito com estratégias de ensino (RP=1,38) e sentir que o curso não é fonte de prazer (RP=2,06) sendo R2=28,8% e AIC=60,04. Conclusão: Fatores potencialmente associados com alta prevalência de TMC foram relacionados à formação médica, mostrando que é necessário implementar medidas preventivas e revisão do processo educacional no intuito de reduzir os danos causados pelo desenvolvimento de TMC.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Transtornos Mentais/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and levels of burnout syndrome among medical students at the Universidade Federal de Sergipe-Brazil and to identify associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with randomly selected students in 2009. The Maslach Burnout Inventory/Student Survey (MBI-SS) and a structured questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, the educational process, and individual aspects were used. Statistical evaluation of multiple variables was performed through backward stepwise logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of burnout was 10.3% (n = 369). The prevalence was higher among those who did not have confidence in their clinical skills (Odds Ratio-OR = 6.47), those who felt uncomfortable with course activities (OR = 5.76), and those who did not see the coursework as a source of pleasure (OR = 4.68). CONCLUSION: There was a significant prevalence of burnout among the medical students studied. Three variables, in particular, were associated with burnout and were directly related to the medical education process. Preventive and intervention measures must be adopted, and longitudinal studies should be conducted.
Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Educação Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Competência Clínica/estatística & dados numéricos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Síndrome , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate, among Medical School intern students, the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their severity, as well as associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in May 2008, with a representative sample of medical intern students (n = 84) from Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a structured questionnaire containing information on sociodemographic variables, teaching-learning process, and personal aspects were used. The exploratory data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Finally, the analysis of multiple variables by logistic regression and the calculation of simple and adjusted ORs with their respective 95% confidence intervals were performed. RESULTS: The general prevalence was 40.5%, with 1.2% (95% CI: 0.0-6.5) of severe depressive symptoms; 4.8% (95% CI: 1.3-11.7) of moderate depressive symptoms; and 34.5% (95% CI: 24.5-45.7) of mild depressive symptoms. The logistic regression revealed the variables with a major impact associated with the emergence of depressive symptoms: thoughts of dropping out (OR 6.24; p = 0.002); emotional stress (OR 7.43;p = 0.0004); and average academic performance (OR 4.74; p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the study population was associated with variables related to the teaching-learning process and personal aspects, suggesting immediate preemptive measures regarding Medical School graduation and student care are required.
Assuntos
Depressão/epidemiologia , Internato e Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/psicologia , Educação Médica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of coronary artery disease referred for heart surgery has an important psychological component. The purpose of this study was to access the difficulties experienced by individuals awaiting coronary artery bypass grafting and to determine strategies that facilitate adaptation to a new lifestyle, modified by the disease. METHODS: A qualitative, exploratory study involving patients admitted to a university teaching hospital in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, awaiting coronary artery bypass grafting. Semi-structured interviews were performed in accordance with a previously defined script based on the study objective. Each transcription was read in its entirety to verify the representativeness, homogeneity and pertinence of the data obtained (pre-analysis), followed by separation of categories of analysis. RESULTS: The descriptions of this study show that patients admitted to the completion of coronary artery bypass grafting experience a wide range of psychological difficulties, considering that surgery acquires interpretations that vary according to individuals' subjectivity. The patients recognized the benefit of being able to discuss their feelings as a means of diminishing their fear and anxiety. CONCLUSION: Helping patients find resources to confront more positively the daily hospitalization is an important aspect for the health care professionals who assist them. This goal can be achieved through modification of the biomedical model of care for a biopsychosocial view. The investment of time and attention is of fundamental importance and aims to overcome existing deficiencies that interfere with the outcome of patients after cardiac surgery.
Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Atenção à Saúde/tendências , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/tendências , Opinião Pública , Medicina Estatal , Previsões , Reino UnidoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and levels of burnout syndrome among medical students at the Universidade Federal de Sergipe-Brazil and to identify associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with randomly selected students in 2009. The Maslach Burnout Inventory/Student Survey (MBI-SS) and a structured questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, the educational process, and individual aspects were used. Statistical evaluation of multiple variables was performed through backward stepwise logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of burnout was 10.3% (n = 369). The prevalence was higher among those who did not have confidence in their clinical skills (Odds Ratio-OR = 6.47), those who felt uncomfortable with course activities (OR = 5.76), and those who did not see the coursework as a source of pleasure (OR = 4.68). CONCLUSION: There was a significant prevalence of burnout among the medical students studied. Three variables, in particular, were associated with burnout and were directly related to the medical education process. Preventive and intervention measures must be adopted, and longitudinal studies should be conducted.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Educação Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Competência Clínica/estatística & dados numéricos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Síndrome , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Estimar entre internos de medicina a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e sua intensidade, além dos fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, em maio de 2008, com amostra representativa dos internos de medicina (n = 84) da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS). Foram utilizados o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (IDB) e um questionário estruturado contendo informações sobre variáveis sociodemográficas, processo ensino-aprendizagem e aspectos pessoais. A análise exploratória dos dados foi realizada através de Estatística Descritiva e Inferencial. Finalmente foi realizada a análise de múltiplas variáveis através de regressão logística e cálculo das OR simples e ajustadas com seus respectivos intervalos de 95 por cento de confiança. RESULTADOS: A prevalência geral foi de 40,5 por cento, dos quais: 1,2 por cento (IC 95 por cento 0,0-6,5) foram de sintomas depressivos graves; 4,8 por cento (IC 95 por cento 1,3-11,7) de moderados; e 34,5 por cento de leves (IC 95 por cento 24,5-45,7). A regressão logística revelou as variáveis de maior impacto associadas ao aparecimento de sintomas depressivos: pensamento de abandonar o curso (OR 6,24; p = 0,002); tensão emocional (OR 7,43; p = 0,0004); e desempenho acadêmico regular (OR 4,74; p = 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: A elevada prevalência de sintomas depressivos na população estudada esteve associada com variáveis relacionadas ao processo ensino-aprendizagem e aspectos pessoais, sugerindo a necessidade de medidas preventivas imediatas referentes à formação médica e à assistência ao estudante.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate, among Medical School intern students, the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their severity, as well as associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in May 2008, with a representative sample of medical intern students (n = 84) from Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a structured questionnaire containing informationon sociodemographic variables, teaching-learning process, and personal aspects were used. The exploratory data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Finally, the analysis of multiple variables by logistic regression and the calculation of simple and adjusted OR swith their respective 95 percent confidence intervals were performed. RESULTS: The general prevalence was 40.5 percent, with 1.2 percent (95 percent CI: 0.0-6.5) of severe depressive symptoms; 4.8 percent (95 percent CI: 1.3-11.7) of moderate depressive symptoms; and 34.5 percent (95 percent CI: 24.5-45.7) of mild depressive symptoms. The logistic regression revealed the variables with a major impact associated with the emergence of depressive symptoms: thoughts of dropping out (OR 6.24; p = 0.002); emotional stress (OR 7.43;p = 0.0004); and average academic performance (OR 4.74; p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the study population was associated with variables related to the teaching-learning process and personal aspects, suggesting immediate preemptive measures regarding Medical School graduation and student care are required.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Depressão/epidemiologia , Internato e Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/psicologia , Educação Médica , Prevalência , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Este artigo trás algumas reflexões sobre as políticas de drogas no Brasil, desde os momentos iniciais do enfrentamento do HIV/AIDS entre os usuários de drogas injetáveis. Nos dois primeiros capítulos, tendo como ponto de partida os programas de trocas de seringas (PTS), o autor aborda o percurso da Política de Redução de Danos no Brasil e o papel nela desempenhado pelo Departamento de DST, AIDS e Hepatites Virais. O terceiro capítulo traz as ações desenvolvidas pela Coordenação Nacional de Saúde Mental Álcool e outras Drogas e pela Secretaria de Políticas sobre Drogas - SENAD, a partir da retração do Departamento de DST e AIDS nas políticas sobre drogas, bem como o surgimento do PEAD e do "Plano Crack", enquanto planos emergenciais para fazer face ao aumento do consumo de crack no país. No quarto e quinto capítulos são discutidos os dispositivos da atual política brasileira sobre drogas, suas limitações vinculadas, sobretudo, à fragilidade da Estratégia Saúde da Família, e são analisadas criticamente algumas das ações previstas no PEAD e no "Pano Crack". No sexto capítulo o autor trás os efeitos da repressão em nome do combate ao tráfico na política brasileira sobre drogas, tendo como pano de fundo a marginalização e a exclusão social dos usuários. Por fim, são apresentadas algumas proposições para a Política de Álcool e Drogas no Brasil.
This article contains some reflections on drug policies in Brazil. In the first two chapters, taking the needle exchange programs (SEPs) as the starting point, the author discusses the trajectory of the Harm Reduction Policy in Brazil and the role played in it by the Department of STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis. The third chapter examines the actions developed by the National Coordination of Mental Health, Alcohol and Other Drugs and the Office of Drug Policies - SENAD, after the retraction of the Department of STD and AIDS from drug policies, as well as the introduction of PEAD and the "Crack Plan" in the country. In the fourth and fifth chapters the provisions of the current Brazilian policy on drugs and its limitations related mainly to the fragility of the Family Health Strategy are discussed, and some of the actions foreseen in the PEAD and the "Crack Plan" are critically analyzed. In the sixth chapter the author examines the effects of repression in the name of combating trafficking in the Brazilian policy on drugs having as background of the marginalization and social exclusion of users. Finally, some proposals are presented for the Alcohol and Drugs Policy in Brazil.
Assuntos
Humanos , Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes , Brasil , Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes/organização & administração , Política de Saúde , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controleRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Estimate the prevalence of common mental disorder and its associated factors among medical students of the Universidade Federal de Sergipe. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out, applying Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 to 473 students from the 512 medical students enrolled in 2006 and compared with compared with a structured questionnaire by the authors containing information on the socio-demographic characteristics, the teaching-learning process and the psycho-emotional experiences of the students. Freshmen were excluded after initial comparison with the students already exposed to the medical course. Statistical analysis by multiple logistic regression after calculating simple and adjusted odds ratio (OR). RESULTS:The general prevalence of common mental disorder was 40 percent (n = 473); after exclusion of the freshmen it increased to 42.5 percent among students from the 2nd to the 12th semester. It was higher among those who did not have faith in their acquisition of the skills needed to become a good doctor (OR = 2.82), who felt less comfortable about course activities (OR = 3.75), who considered themselves emotionally stressed (OR = 2.14), among those who did not consider themselves happy (OR = 2.85), who believed that the course did not match their expectations (OR = 1.64) and those who had a prior diagnosis of mental disorder by a psychiatrist (OR = 3.78). CONCLUSION: The results suggest the necessity of changes to the teaching-learning process and the establishment of a preventive mental health program for medical students.
OBJETIVO:Estimar a prevalência de transtorno mental comum e fatores associados entre estudantes de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com 473 dos 512 matriculados em 2006, aplicando o Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 e um questionário estruturado sobre características sociodemográficas, processo ensino-aprendizagem e vivências psicoemocionais. Os calouros foram excluídos após comparação inicial com os alunos do 2> ao 12> períodos. Análise estatística por regressão logística múltipla, após estatística descritiva e cálculo das ORs simples e ajustadas. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de transtorno mental comum geral foi de 40 por cento (n = 473), mas com a retirada dos calouros, aumentou para 42,5 por cento (n = 433) entre os alunos do 2> ao 12> semestre, sendo maior entre aqueles que não acreditavam ter adquirido habilidades para se tornarem bons médicos (OR = 2,82), que se sentiam pouco confortáveis com as atividades do curso (OR = 3,75), que se consideravam emocionalmente tensos (OR = 2,14), nos que não se consideravam felizes (OR = 2,85), nos que achavam que o curso era menos do que esperavam (OR = 1,64) e nos que tiveram diagnóstico prévio de transtorno mental feito por psiquiatra (OR = 3,78). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de mudanças no processo ensino-aprendizagem, bem como estruturação de programas para cuidar da saúde mental dos estudantes.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Escolha da Profissão , Estudos Transversais , Aprendizagem , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Ensino , Universidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Escolha da Profissão , Estudos Transversais , Aprendizagem , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Ensino , Universidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Estudos recentes em diferentes países têm apontado o aumento do consumo de esteróides anabolizantes entre jovens fisiculturistas e atletas, e os danos à saúde causados pelo seu uso indiscriminado. No Brasil, estudos sobre o uso de anabolizantes säo escassos. No presente trabalho, examina-se a percepçäo de risco à saúde, associada ao consumo de anabolizantes, entre jovens fisiculturistas de um bairro pobre da cidade de Salvador. A metodologia privilegiou métodos de coleta de dados qualitativos tais como etnografia, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e grupo focal com usuários de anabolizantes. Os dados produzidos descrevem as principais substâncias utilizadas e os padröes de uso, e apontam a falta de informaçäo dos jovens entrevistados sobre a extensäo dos danos à saúde decorrentes do consumo de anabolizantes, mostrando que para muitos, o desejo de desenvolver massa muscular e alcançar o corpo ideal se sobrepöe ao risco de efeitos colaterais. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de se desenvolver açöes culturalmente apropriadas, voltadas para a prevençäo do abuso de anabolizantes junto à essa populaçäo
Assuntos
Humanos , Anabolizantes , Antropologia , Exercício Físico , Áreas de Pobreza , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , Academias de Ginástica , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
"Condiçöes psicossociais e exposiçäo ao risco de infecçöes pelo HIV entre usuarios de drogas injetáveis em uma comunidade marginalizada de Salvador-Bahia". Por se tratar de uma prática ilegal e socialmente discriminada, o uso de drogas injetáveis é de pouca visibilidade. Entretanto, à medida que ele tem sido um dos principais responsáveis, em inúmeros países, pelo aumento do número de casos de AIDS entre os usuários de drogas injetáveis (UDIs) e destes, para outras populaçöes, principalmente mulheres e crianças, torna-se imperativo o conhecimento de sua cultura, dos seus aspectos sócio-demográficos, psicológicos e comportamentais. Alguns países desenvolvidos, fundamentados nas pesquisas que realizam, têm implementado, com sucesso, medidas de prevençäo da infecçäo pelo HIV entre UDIs. No Brasil, os UDIs se constituem ainda uma populaçäo numericamente desconhecida. Entretanto, os poucos estudos existentes, inclusive na Bahia, revelam índices de soroprevalência dos maiores do mundo. Com o objetivo de verificar a existência de associaçöes entre condiçöes psicossociais e exposiçäo ao risco de infecçäo pelo HIV entre UDIs em uma comunidade marginalizada de Salvador, foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico do tipo exploratório, associado a um estudo etnográfico dos UDIs e da populaçäo local. Foram aplicados questionários a cem UDIs contactados pela técnica de "bola-de-Neve" (Snowball Sampling) no centro Histórico da cidade de Salvador-Bahia; 16 deles participaram de entrevistas näo-estruturadas. Foram feitas observaçöes etnográficas entre os UDIs e entre uma amostra näo selecionada da populaçäo do Centro Histórico. Os principais resultados quantitativos encontrados foram: ...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cocaína Crack/efeitos adversos , Cocaína/efeitos adversos , Uso Comum de Agulhas e Seringas/efeitos adversos , Áreas de Pobreza , Carência Psicossocial , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Demografia , Grupos de Risco , Condições Sociais , Apoio SocialRESUMO
Procura caracterizar os usuários de drogas injetáveis em suas comunidades e definir fatores de risco para infecções pelo HIV na cidade da Bahia (DV)